Table 1.

Descriptive statistics and correlations among all variables.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
1.T1 Character reading	1
2.T1 Listening comprehension	0.11	1
3.Digit recall backward	0.24*	0.09	1
4.Inhibition	0.20	0.13	0.15	1
5.Sustained attention	0.22	0.19	0.20	0.42***	1
6.Blocks	0.23*	0.22	0.25*	0.48***	0.34**	1
7.Visuo-spatial sketchpad	0.11	0.27*	0.18	0.18	0.27*	0.36**	1
8.Orientation	-0.10	-0.16	0.31**	0.25*	0.28*	0.32**	0.24*	1
9.Digit recall forward	0.25*	0.02	0.33**	0.10	0.08	0.29*	0.19	0.13	1
10.Syllable deletion	0.41***	0.10	0.35**	0.31**	0.29*	0.36**	0.24*	0.26*	0.31**	1
11.Morphome construction	0.23*	0.16	0.15	0.15	0.06	0.46***	0.14	0.07	0.26*	0.30**	1
12.Mirror characters	0.57***	0.12	0.26*	0.16	0.11	0.11	0.12	0.07	0.29**	0.34**	0.16	1
13.Pseudo-characters	0.37***	0.14	0.12	0.22	0.27*	0.23*	0.15	0.10	0.07	0.21	0.06	0.43***	1
14.Radicles	0.26*	0.03	0.14	0.23*	0.22	0.28*	0.25*	0.16	0.44***	0.27*	0.14	0.23*	0.24*	1
15.Rapid automatized naming	-0.44***	-0.09	-0.37***	-0.11	-0.29*	-0.15	-0.14	-0.12	-0.10	-0.44***	-0.17	-0.33**	-0.16	0.05	1
16.T2 Character reading	0.76***	0.13	0.27*	0.14	0.19	0.24*	0.18	0.25*	0.18	0.37***	0.33**	0.47***	0.22	0.23*	-0.47***	1
17.T2 Reading comprehension	0.70***	0.24*	0.27*	0.29*	0.35**	0.24*	0.22	0.21	0.31**	0.43***	0.21	0.47***	0.25*	0.26*	-0.37***	0.70***	1
Mean	397.91	32.93	3.42	1291.41	640.76	27.72	4.12	8.21	7.75	14.52	26.37	48.94	36.04	9.65	31.42	740.33	29.11
SD	359.84	3.64	1.44	863.40	96.93	4.53	0.78	7.88	1.82	6.37	6.66	11.54	8.89	3.90	10.02	264.51	10.71
Skewness	0.56	-2.11	1.24	3.06	0.35	-2.00	-0.04	6.05	-0.43	-0.67	-1.34	-0.12	-0.84	-0.35	0.63	-0.85	0.26
Kurtosis	-1.32	8.89	3.14	10.95	-0.41	8.87	-0.98	44.03	2.35	-0.62	2.43	-0.28	2.20	-0.66	-0.21	-0.63	-0.13
Reliability	0.99	0.96	0.60	0.83	0.85	0.63	0.85	0.79	0.70	0.94	0.86	0.90	0.73	0.75	0.88	0.99	0.95

^∗∗∗p < 0.001, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗p < 0.05. Variables 1–15 were measured at kindergarten. Variables 16–17 were measured at grade 1.