Table 2.

Results for the updating, working memory, divided attention, and maintenance tasks.

	Group, means (SEM)					Effect size (Cohen's d)
Measure	Sham	LDLPFC	Left IPS	F condition	p	Sham vs. LDLPFC	Sham vs. IPS
Updating RT (ms)	1190.48 (42.65)	1269.34 (57.14)	1191.75 (48.75)	0.78	0.46	0.31	0.01
3-back d-prime	1.53 (0.10)	1.53 (0.11)	1.75 (0.12)	1.44	0.24	0.14	0.38
3-back RT hits (ms)	974 (29.5)	976 (28.6)	1027 (29.2)	1.03	0.36	0.01	0.35
Dual 3-back d-prime	0.93 (0.07)	1.11 (0.09)	1.20 (0.09)	2.91	0.06	0.42	0.63
Operation span task	29.48 (1.79)	29.92 (1.62)	33.04 (1.55)	1.80	0.17	0.05	0.43

Age was included as a covariate in the analysis of all outcome measures. SEM, standard error of the mean; RT, reaction time; LDLPFC, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; IPS, intraparietal sulcus; CI, confidence interval.