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. 2019 Jan 14;9:101. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36473-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Representative photomicrographs of Brn3a immunopositive cells in the flat mount retina. (a) Normal, (b) PBS (ONC + PBS), (c) citicoline (ONC + citicoline), (d) TUDCA (ONC + TUDCA), (e) NT-4 (ONC + NT-4), (f) Doublet-1 (ONC + citicoline + TUDCA), (g) Doublet-2 (ONC + TUDCA + NT-4), (h) Triplet (ONC + citicoline + TUDCA + NT4). (i) Low dose Triplet (Scale Bar: 50 μm.) (B) Graph showing RGC count (cells/mm²) of each group two weeks after ONC. The densities of RGCs in all of the eyes except NT-4 group were significantly higher than those of RGCs without treatment. (**P < 0.001) Values represent means ± SEM of n = 6 animals per experimental group. Significances of intergroup differences were evaluated by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.