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. 2019 Jan 14;10:188. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07975-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Surface characterization of discharged carbon paper electrodes. a X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) survey scans of the carbon paper (CP) electrodes after discharging 400 mA h g⁻¹ with the catholytes using the three different salts, lithium bistriflimide (LiTFSI), lithium triflate (LiTf), and lithium brom0ide (LiBr). b Comparisons of C 1s, and c S 2p spectra of the discharged cathodes with the three electrolytes