Fig. 6.

The effect of electrolyte anions on lithium sulfide solubility. a Raman spectra of 1 M LiX, X = bistriflimide (TFSI⁻), triflate (Tf⁻), or bromide (Br⁻), supporting salts in 1,3-dioxolane (DOL):1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) (1:1) solutions with respect to the pure solvent mixture (black). b Radial distribution functions (how density (g(r)) varies as a function of radial distance (r)) of X⁻ anions from lithium ion (Li⁺) under the 1 M LiX in DOL:DME solutions. c Radial distribution functions of lithium cation–sulfide anion (Li⁺–S²⁻) in different salt environments. d Summary of the binding energy of newly generated Li₂S on different surfaces (graphitic carbon surface vs. Li₂S precipitates (p-Li₂S)) based on the first-principle calculations