Fig. 1.
Phenotypic results for conjugative transfer of ARGs induced by different concentrations of carbamazepine. a Mating experimental design and methodologies. b Fold changes of conjugative transfer frequency. c Fold changes of reverse conjugative transfer frequency. d Identity similarities of key genes in the plasmids extracted from donor and transconjugants (low-TC, medium-TC, and high-TC refer to the plasmids from the transconjugants under the exposure of 0.05, 10.0, and 50.0 mg/L carbamazepine, respectively). Significant differences between carbamazepine-dosed samples and the control were detected using independent-sample t test, P values were corrected by the “Benjamini–Hochberg” method as Padj, *Padj < 0.05, and **Padj < 0.01