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. 2018 Sep 26;13(2):413–429. doi: 10.1038/s41396-018-0279-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — A comparison of ¹³C incorporation into microbial biomass by forest region based on (A) δ-¹³C in PLFA, and (B) the relative incorporation into bacterial versus fungal PLFA markers. In (A), PLFAs from microcosms incubated with unlabeled substrates had comparable delta-values to soil (−25 ‰), and low variance, and are distinguished by a dashed line. Statistically supported differences are grouped by lettering (TukeyHSD; p < 0.01). In (B), the ratio represented by the y-axis was designed to normalize ¹³C-enrichment in fungi relative to bacteria (¹³C_fungi: ¹³C_bacteria) to the proportion of pre-existing bacterial and fungal biomass (¹²C_fungi: ¹²C_bacteria). Differences in incubation length of microcosms among substrates should be considered when comparing between them. Also, δ-¹³C enrichment is weighted against total ¹²C, and thus reflects the total lignocellulolytic activity relative to total biomass which is 3- to 20- fold higher in organic layer soils (details in Table S1)