Table 1.
Demographic and baseball-playing experience of participants.
| Variable | AB | IB | HC | ANOVA or t test | p-value of post-hoc comparisons | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 18 | N = 15 | N = 15 | p-value | AB vs IB | AB vs HC | IB vs HC | |
| Age (years) | 20.6 ± 1.7 | 23.3 ± 1.3 | 23.0 ± 1.9 | <0.001 | <0.001a | <0.001a | 1.000a |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 2.5 | 22.7 ± 3.5 | 23.8 ± 3.3 | 0.172 | 0.187a | 1.000a | 1.000a |
| EHI | 81.8 ± 18.6 | 89.3 ± 15.4 | 88.0 ± 12.0 | 0.347 | 0.544a | 1.000a | 0.803a |
| AOC (years) | 10.8 ± 2.7 | 19.1 ± 2.3 | <0.001 | ||||
| BE (years) | 9.8 ± 2.7 | 4.2 ± 1.8 | <0.001 | ||||
| WT (hours) | 19.7 ± 4.5 | 6.6 ± 2.3 | <0.001 | ||||
Data presented as mean ± SD. AB, advanced batters; IB, intermediate batters; HC, healthy controls; N: sample size; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI: body mass index; EHI: Edinburgh handedness inventory; AOC, age of commencement; BE, baseball-playing experience; WT, weekly training. ap value was obtained by post-hoc comparison with Bonferroni correction.