Table 2A.
Studies on ADHD or ASD using EEG-imaging to investigate attentional processing.
| Study | Clinical group | Diagnosis or trait | Age: Mean (SD) | Age range (years) | Sample size(s) | Comparison group(s) (sample size) | Cognitive paradigm | Analytical method | Features analysed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iacono et al., 2002a | ADHD | D | 17.5 (0.4) | 16 to 18 | 45 | CD (185), ODD (87), ND (69), AAD (95), DAD (36) | Visual oddball | ERP | P3b |
| Groom et al., 2008 | ADHD | D | 15.7 (1.5) | 14 to 21 | 27 | E-SCZ (30), NPS (36), controls (36) | Auditory oddball & go/no-go | ERP | P3b, N2 |
| Barry et al., 2009 | ADHD | D | 21.9 (1.8) | 18 to 26 | 18 | Non-ADHD (18) | Visual oddball | ERP | P1, N1, P2, N2, P3b |
| Sawaki and Katayama, 2006 | ADHD | T | 23.3 (2.8) | 20 to 32 | 23 | – | Visual oddball | ERP | P3b |
| Godefroid and Wiersema, 2016 | ADHD | D | 24.0 (5.3) | – | 25 | Non-ADHD (23) | Visual oddball | ERP | P2, N2, P3a, P3b |
| Rommel et al., 2017 | ADHD | D | 18.5 (3.0) | 13 to 26 | 69 | PTB (186), controls (135) | Cued CPT | ERP | P3b, N2, CNV |
| Cheung et al., 2016 | ADHD | D | ADHD-P: 18.3 (3.0); ADHD-R: 18.9 (3.1) | – | ADHD-P: 87; ADHD-R: 23 | Non-ADHD (168) | Cued CPT | ERP/oscillations | CNV, P3b, delta, theta, alpha, beta |
| Du Rietz et al., 2016 | ADHD | D | ADHD-P: 18.5 (2.9); ADHD-R: 18.3 (3.2) | 11 to 25 | ADHD-P: 48; ADHD-R: 60 | Non-ADHD (167) | Cued CPT | ERP/oscillations | CNV, P3b, delta, theta, alpha, beta |
| Cheung et al., 2017 | ADHD | D | 18.3 (3.0) | – | 93 | Non-ADHD (174) | Fast task | ERP | P3b, CNV |
| James et al., 2017 | ADHD | D | ADHD-P: 18.1 (2.9); ADHD-R: 19.1 (2.7) | – | ADHD-P: 73; ADHD-R: 18 | Non-ADHD (144) | Fast task | ERP | P3b, CNV |
| Gilmore et al., 2011a | ADHD | D | 17.5 (0.4) | 16 to 18 | 45 | CD (185), ODD (87), ND (69), AAD (95), DAD (36) | Visual oddball | oscillations | TF-PCA of P3b |
| Broyd et al., 2011 | ADHD | D | 20.6 (1.6) | – | 20 | Non-ADHD (20) | Eriksen flanker task | oscillations | VLF |
| Hsu et al., 2013 | ADHD | D | 22.8 (3.8) | 18 to 43 | 16 | Non-ADHD (16). | Two-choice reaction time task | oscillations | VLF |
| Karhson and Golob, 2016 | ASD | D | 22.5 (4.1) | – | 12 | Non-ASD (13) | Auditory oddball | ERP | P50, N1, N2, P3b |
| Sokhadze et al., 2009a | ASD | D | 17. 2 (4.6) | 12 to 27 | 13 | Non-ASD (13) | Visual oddball | ERP/oscillations | P3a, P3b, gamma |
| Milne et al., 2013 | ASD | T | – | 18 to 37 | 36 | – | Target detection task | ERP/oscillations | P1, P3b, gamma |
Note. EEG = electroencephalography; ADHD = attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ASD = autism spectrum disorder; D = diagnosis; T = trait; ERP = event related potentials; CD = conduct disorder; ODD = oppositional defiant disorder; ND = nicotine dependence; ADD = alcohol abuse or dependence; DAD = illicit drug abuse or dependence; E-SCZ = Early-onset schizophrenia; NPS = non-psychotic siblings of schizophrenia patients; PTB = pre-term born; ADHD-P = ADHD persisters; ADHD-R = ADHD remitters; CPT = continuous performance task; CNV = contingent negative variation; TF-PCA = time frequency principal component analysis; VLF = very-low frequency EEG; a These studies have the same sample.