Table 3.

Literature overview of postnatal placental morphometry assessment in relation to FGR (markers).

Author, year, country	Study type and population	FGR definition	Determinant(s)	Outcome	Results
Egbor et al., 2006United Kingdom	Prospective A: 17 FGR B: 16 PE-FGR C: 16 controls	- Clinical evidence of suboptimal growth - Ultra sonographic evidence of deviation from appropriate growth percentile - BW < p10	PV, PW	FGR	FGR was associated with a significant reduction in PV and PW
Mayhew et al., 2007, United Kingdom	Prospective A: 5 FGR B: 5 PE-FGR C: 9 controls	- Deficient fetal growth on ultrasound scans - IBR < p10	PSA	Morphometry determinant in the different groups	FGR (with or without PE) was associated with a reduced PSA
Almasry and Elfayomy, 2012, Saudi Arabia	Case-control A: 50 FGR B: 25 controls	EFW < p10 icw two criteria: - Abnormal UmA Doppler - Oligohydramnios; AFI < 5 - Asymmetric growth; HC/AC ratio	PD, PW, “placenta co-efficient” (PW/BW).	FGR	Significant reduction in PD and PW in FGR group as compared with controls. Placental coefficient greater in FGR group.

AC, abdominal circumference; BW, birth weight; EFW, estimated fetal weight; FGR, fetal growth restriction; HC, head circumference; IBR, individualized birth weight ratio (is calculated using factors including fetal gender, GA, parity, ethnic origin and maternal age, height and booking weight); icw, in combination with; PE, preeclampsia; PD, placental diameter; PSA, macroscopic placental surface area; PV, placental volume; PW, placental weight; UmA, umbilical artery.