Table 2.

Studies included in the systematic literature review and meta-analyses

Study ID	Author	Year	Country	% Female	Mean age at baseline	Mean length of follow-up	Measure of cognition	Type of affective problem	Measure of affective problem
1	Bassuk	1998	USA	63	73.72	12	Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ)	Depression	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
2	Brodaty	2012	Australia	59	78.41	2	Mean of other cognitive domain scores	Depression	Neuropsychiatric Inventory
2	Brodaty	2012	Australia	59	78.41	2	Mean of other cognitive domain scores	Anxiety	Neuropsychiatric Inventory
3	Chang	2015	Taiwan	49	63.34	4	Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ)	Depression	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
4	Downer	2016	USA	58	73.18	14	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Depression	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
5	Dufouil	1996	France	60	74.78	3	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Depression	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
6	Ganguli	2006	USA	61	74.60	12	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Depression	Modified Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
7	Geerlings	2000	The Netherlands	51	69.39	3	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Depression	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) (>16 vs. <16)
8	Han	2008	Canada	66	79.11	1	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Depression	Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS)
9	Kohler	2010	The Netherlands	48	69.40	6	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Depression	Revised 90-item version of the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90)
10	Niti	2009	Singapore	64	65.40	1.5	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Depression	Chinese version of the 15 item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
11	Paterniti	2002	France	43	64.96	4	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Depression	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
12	Raji	2007	USA	59	72.70	7	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Depression	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
13	Reyes-Ortiz	2008	USA	57	72.70	11	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Depression	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
14	Rosenblatt	2003	USA	63	40.30	11.5	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Depression	Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS)
15	Sawyer	2012	USA	69	70.18	4	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Depression	Duke Depression Evaluation Schedule (DDES)
16	Sinoff	2003	Israel	63	77.64	3.1	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Anxiety	Sinoff's Short Anxiety Screening Test (SAST)
17	Wilson	2016	USA	74	76.30	8	Battery of 19 cognitive performance tests	Depression	Subset of questions from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule
18	Yaffe	1999	USA	100	72.94	4	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Depression	Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
19	Bierman	2008	The Netherlands	53	69.49	9	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Anxiety	Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A)
20	Bunce	2012	Australia	49	76.55	12	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Depression	Goldberg Depression Scale
20	Bunce	2012	Australia	49	76.55	12	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Anxiety	Goldberg Anxiety Scale
21	Chen	2016	Taiwan	45	70.95	14	Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ)	Depression	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
22	Chiao	2016	Taiwan	57	71.04	14	Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ)	Depression	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
23	Dotson	2008	USA	40	75.38	4.4	Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE), and Blessed Information Memory and Concentration Scale (BIMCS)	Depression	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
24	Gale	2012	England	55	64.07	6	Principal components analyses of 5 cognitive outcomes	Depression	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
25	Geerlings	2000	The Netherlands	51	69.39	3	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Depression	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score (per point increase)
26	Han	2006	Canada	66	79.11	1	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Depression	HDRS
27	Johnson	2013	USA	69	73.50	2	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE) & Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR-SB)	Depression	Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS30)
28	Neubauer	2013	Germany	60	75.70	1	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE) and Syndrome Short Test (SKT)	Depression	Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS30)
29	Panza	2009	Italy	36	71.90	3.5	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Depression	Italian version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
30	Rajan	2014	USA	63	72.41	9	Cognitive battery of four tests	Depression	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
31	Royall	2013	Japan, Hawaii, and the mainland-US		77.80	10	Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI)	Depression	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
32	Turner	2015	USA	70	73.90	5	Measure derived from 19 cognitive tests	Depression	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) & Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
33	Van den Kommer	2013	The Netherlands	53	69.25	13	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Depression	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
34	Vinkers	2004	The Netherlands	63	85.00	4	Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE)	Depression	Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
35	Wilson	2011	USA	76	80.70	3.4	Derived from 19 cognitive tests	Depression	48-item Neuroticism scale from the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised. Depression sub-scale
35	Wilson	2011	USA	76	80.70	3.4	Derived from 19 cognitive tests	Anxiety	48-item Neuroticism scale from the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised. Anxiety sub-scale