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. 2015 Sep 10;20(9):16388–16403. doi: 10.3390/molecules200916388

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© 2015 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

The effects of the active ingredients from Moutan Cortex on IL-12p40 production from human monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDC) (n = 3). (a) The Effects of fraction 5 (F5) and gallic acid were compared to the crude water extracts of Cortex Moutan and Penta Herb formula (PHF) on IL-12p40 production from human moDC, and hyrodocotroisone (2 μM) was used as positive control; (b) The effects of three active ingredients from Cortex Moutan: paeoniflorin, paeonol and gallic acid on IL-12p40 production from human moDC. * and *** indicate p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively, when compared with the control level of the cytokine production or surface marker expression from cells without incubating with DC-inducing cytokine cocktail.