Table 1.
IC50 values of plumbagin (1), lawsone (2) and its derivatives 5a,b–11a,b, 13a,b‒19a,b on the growth of human cancer cell lines for 48 h.
| Compound | cLogP a | IC50 (μM) b (Mean ± SD) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HT-29 Colon | SW480 Colon | HepG2 Liver | HL60 Leukemia | MCF-7 Breast | ||
| Plumbagin (1) | 2.78 | 3.67 ± 0.46 | 2.19 ± 0.65 | 2.32 ± 0.18 | 5.90 ± 1.21 | 20.89 ± 0.70 |
| Lawsone (2) | 1.68 | >100 | >100 | >100 | 45.12 ± 7.90 | >100 |
| Juglone (3) | 2.26 | >50 | >50 | >50 | 46.95 ± 0.58 | >50 |
| 5a | 2.19 | >100 | 97.09 ± 2.36 | 94.08 ± 2.63 | >100 | >100 |
| 5b | 1.78 | 8.16 ± 1.16 | 4.23 ± 0.50 | 3.32 ± 0.66 | 16.40 ± 2.84 | >25 |
| 6a | 3.79 | >100 | >100 | >100 | >100 | >100 |
| 6b | 3.22 | 14.81 ± 0.65 | 2.02 ± 0.20 | 3.67 ± 0.84 | 20.04 ± 0.79 | 31.03 ± 0.32 |
| 7a | 5.90 | 33.44 ± 1.48 | 9.73 ± 0.04 | 20.20 ± 3.52 | >100 | >50 |
| 7b | 5.34 | 28.01 ± 3.52 | 8.51 ± 0.53 | 9.66 ± 0.50 | 23.42 ± 1.24 | 20.81 ± 3.67 |
| 8a | 7.46 | >25 | >25 | >25 | >25 | >25 |
| 8b | 8.02 | >25 | >25 | >25 | >25 | >25 |
| 9a | 3.70 | >100 | >100 | 74.18 ± 2.61 | >100 | >100 |
| 9b | 3.34 | >50 | 20.72 ± 1.19 | 35.56 ± 1.13 | >50 | >50 |
| 10a | 5.73 | 12.90 ± 2.13 | 14.14 ± 0.96 | 19.10 ± 0.26 | 9.12 ± 0.69 | >100 |
| 10b | 5.37 | 42.90 ± 1.13 | 44.23 ± 1.06 | 29.10 ± 1.21 | 29.56 ± 0.88 | >100 |
| 11a | 6.82 | 1.99 ± 0.04 | 2.02 ± 0.31 | 14.01 ± 2.70 | 5.41 ± 0.88 | 47.01 ± 0.47 |
| 11b | 7.40 | 40.37 ± 0.75 | 37.16 ± 2.21 | 32.33 ± 1.46 | 35.10 ± 1.52 | >100 |
| 13a | 3.65 | 9.82 ± 1.51 | 16.17 ± 0.72 | 9.39 ± 0.12 | 45.69 ± 2.48 | >100 |
| 13b | 3.65 | 18.11 ± 1.68 | 8.28 ± 0.12 | 17.89 ± 0.14 | 6.50 ± 0.32 | 23.71 ± 0.82 |
| 14a | 4.99 | >50 | >50 | >50 | >50 | >50 |
| 14b | 4.99 | 34.53 ± 1.20 | 15.13 ± 0.49 | 17.82 ± 2.29 | >50 | >50 |
| 15a | 6.05 | >50 | >50 | >50 | >50 | >50 |
| 15b | 6.05 | >50 | 20.23 ± 2.18 | 47.06 ± 0.63 | >50 | >50 |
| 16a | 7.11 | >50 | >50 | >50 | >50 | >50 |
| 16b | 7.11 | >50 | >50 | >50 | >50 | >50 |
| 17a | 8.17 | >20 | >20 | >20 | >20 | >20 |
| 17b | 8.17 | >20 | >20 | >20 | >20 | >20 |
| 18a | 2.51 | 9.42 ± 0.45 | 8.86 ± 0.50 | 11.72 ± 0.42 | 8.42 ± 0.86 | >50 |
| 18b | 2.51 | 8.59 ± 0.67 | 5.19 ± 0.44 | 8.84 ± 0.07 | 6.49 ± 0.84 | >50 |
| 19a | 2.80 | 9.44 ± 0.32 | 4.66 ± 0.25 | 10.08 ± 0.57 | 6.35 ± 0.24 | >50 |
| 19b | 2.80 | 11.38 ± 1.51 | 3.86 ± 0.61 | 7.90 ± 0.16 | 7.76 ± 0.54 | >50 |
| Cisplatin | - | 24.07 ± 0.03 | 40.72 ± 1.18 | 36.07 ± 3.11 | >100 | >100 |
| 5-Fu | - | >100 | 32.72 ± 8.32 | 40.18 ± 7.63 | >100 | >100 |
| Doxorubicin | - | 1.70 ± 0.20 | 0.53 ± 0.07 | 0.30 ± 0.02 | 14.26 ± 0.89 | 0.39 ± 0.06 |
a Calculated log value of partition coefficient by ChemDraw Ultra 8.0; b IC50 = compound concentration required to inhibit tumor cell proliferation by 50%. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD from the dose response curves of at least three independent experiments.