Figure 2.

Effect of AcRE on TMA-induced IL-1β and TNF-α cytokine production and mRNA expression in mouse ear tissues. After mice were treated as described for Figure 1, the ears were excised and proteins extracted with buffer for ELISA. Recovered (A) IL-1β and (B) TNF-α cytokine content was analyzed by ELISA; (C) IL-1β and (D) TNF-α mRNA expression were detected using RT-PCR as described in the Materials and Methods. Marks (●, ■, ▼, and ♦) indicate naïve group, sham group, AcRE group, and PS group, respectively. Results are shown as mean ± SEM. Asterisks (*) and (**) indicate significant differences of p < 0.05 or p < 0.001, respectively, between the AcRE-treated and non-treated groups of TMA-treated mice.