Table 2.
Basal ATP concentrations and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of PC12 cells after 24-h incubation with the indicated pure substances contained in rice bran extract (RBE) and MMP and ATP after preincubation with pure substances for 1 h and subsequent insult with SNP (0.5 mM) for 6 h (ATP) or 24 h (MMP); the solvent control ethanol did not change ATP concentrations significantly; ↑ indicates increased ATP concentrations; -: no significant effect could be detected; n.t.: not tested; n = 7–8; ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test.
| Substance (Concentration) | ATP | ATP + SNP | MMP | MMP + SNP |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| α-Tocopherol (50 nm) | p < 0.05 (↑) | - | - | - |
| α-Tocopherol (250 nM) | - | - | - | - |
| γ-Tocopherol (200 nM) | - | - | - | - |
| γ-Tocopherol (1 µM) | - | n.t. | n.t. | n.t. |
| δ-Tocopherol (70 nM) | p < 0.05 (↑) | n.t. | n.t. | n.t. |
| δ-Tocopherol (350 nM) | - | n.t. | n.t. | n.t. |
| α-Tocotrienol (40 nM) | p < 0.001 (↑) | - | - | - |
| α-Tocotrienol (200 nM) | - | n.t. | n.t. | n.t. |
| γ-Tocotrienol (1 µM) | p < 0.05 (↑) | - | - | - |
| γ-Tocotrienol (5 µM) | - | - | - | - |
| δ-Tocotrienol (200 nM) | - | - | - | - |
| δ-Tocotrienol (1 µM) | - | n.t. | n.t. | n.t. |