Table 3.
Solvent | Cultivar | Gemcitabine (50 nM) | Concentration of Olive Leaf Extract (µg/mL) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 (Controls) | 50 | 100 | 200 | |||
water | Corregiola | 100 a,i | 55.89 ± 3.53 b,i | 14.59 ± 0.5 c,i | 0.63 ± 0.29 c,i | |
ethanol | Corregiola | 100 a,i | 121.59 ± 13.7 a,ii | 4.26 ± 2.6 b,ii | 0.44 ± 2.08 b,i | |
methanol | Corregiola | 100 a,i | 73.57 ± 9.33 b,ii | 32.83 ± 10.41 c,iii | 0.87 ± 0.17 d,i | |
water | Frantoio | 100 a,i | 103.19 ± 27.9 a,ii | 0.47 ± 0.13 b,ii | 0.61 ± 0.17 b,i | |
ethanol | Frantoio | 100 a,i | 122.78 ± 21.1 a,ii | 30.37 ± 4.48 b,iii | 0.87 ± 0.22 c,i | |
methanol | Frantoio | 100 a,i | 120.26 ± 9.22 b,ii | 41.13 ± 16.02 c,iii | 0.98 ± 0.56 c,i | |
control | 100 a,i | |||||
47.8 ± 0.1 |
a,b,c,d Values in the same row not having the same superscript letter are significantly different from each other. i,ii,iii Values in the same column not having the same superscript roman numeral are significantly different from each other. Values are expressed as percentage growth compared to controls with no extracts or gemcitabine. Therefore, the lower the value in response to olive leaf extract (50–200 μg/mL), the greater the anti-proliferative effect. Values greater than 100% represent cell growth greater than controls. Time = 96 h.