Table 3.
Percentage repellency (PR) after two exposure times for the essential oil and its constituents against Tribolium castaneum (TC) adults a.
| Insect | Treatment | 2 h/4 h (nL/cm2) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15.73 | 3.15 | 0.63 | 0.13 | ||
| TC | Essential oil | 84 ± 9ab; 38 ± 14a | 74 ± 11b; 60 ± 14a | 64 ± 10a; 38 ± 13a | 52 ± 11bc; 36 ± 15ab |
| Estragole | 94 ± 6b; 82 ± 5b | 88 ± 5b; 68 ± 15a | 78 ± 13a; 64 ± 15a | 58 ± 13bc; 48 ± 16ab | |
| β-Caryophyllene | 80 ± 8ab; 98 ± 3b | 68 ± 8ab; 90 ± 5a | 38 ± 12a; 36 ± 13a | 36 ± 14ab; 34 ± 13ab | |
| 1,8-Cineole | 50 ± 13a; 74 ± 16ab | 28 ± 14a; 54 ± 15a | 42 ± 16a; 38 ± 12a | 28 ± 14ab; 40 ± 10ab | |
| Limonene | 88 ± 14b; 94 ± 8b | 70 ± 9b; 56 ± 16a | 76 ± 11a; 56 ± 14a | 78 ± 10c; 70 ± 12b | |
| DEET | 98 ± 3b; 82 ± 8b | 78 ± 14b; 68 ± 5a | 66 ± 10a; 54 ± 8a | 8 ± 5a; 22 ± 8a | |
a Means in the same column followed by the same letters do not differ significantly (p > 0.05) in ANOVA and Tukey’s tests. PR was subjected to an arcsine square-root transformation before ANOVA and Tukey’s tests.