Table 1.

Main polyphenolic compounds of bee pollen.

MAIN POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF BEE POLLEN
Bee Pollen Compound and the Structures of Major Classes		Free Hydroxyl Groups Position [3,36]	TEAC a (mM) [3]
1. PHENOLIC ACIDS
HYDROXYBENZOIC ACIDS:
Gallic acid		3,4,5	3,0
Protocatechuic acid		3,4	1,2
HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACIDS:
Caffeic acid		3,4	1,3
Ferulic acid		4	1,9
Chlorogenic acid		3,4	1,3
para-Coumaric acid		4	2,2
ortho-Coumaric acid		2	1,0
2. FLAVONOIDS
FLAVONES:
Luteolin		5,7,3′,4′	2,1
Apigenin		5,7,4′	1,5
Chrysin		5,7	1,4
FLAVONOLS:
Quercetin		3,5,7,3′,4′	4,7
Rutin (Q 3-o-rutoside)		5,7,3′,4′	2,4
Kaempherol		3,5,7,4′	1,3
Myricetin		3,5,7,3′,4′,5′	3,1
Galangin		3,5,7	N/D
FLAVANONES:
Naringenin		5,7,4′	1,5
Pinocembrin		5,7	N/D
ISOFLAVONES:
Genistein		5,7,4′	N/D

^a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity.