DNA protection by the anti-oxidant activity against carcinogens
Decreased glucose uptake in cancer cells
Cell cycle arrest, induction of pro-apoptotic and inhibition of anti-apoptotic proteins
Modulation signaling pathways (reduced expression of plasma membrane receptors overexpressed in cancer, decreased phosphorylation of intracellular proteins) with implications in tumor growth, invasion and metastasis
Generation of new classes of aromatase inhibitors based on the structure of polyphenols (flavones, isoflavones)
Reduction in breast cancer risk in Chinese, Japanese women; reduction in breast cancer risk associated with high soy intake during adolescence
Decreased risk of breast cancer recurrence (after daidzein intake)
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So far not successful in preventing cancer in clinical trials
Reduced bioavailability and stability
Typically large concentrations have been used in most in vitro studies which are unlikely to be achieved in vivo
The chemopreventive and therapeutic activity of polyphenols as single agents or in combination are studied in ongoing trials without final conclusions
Heterogeneity in the applied doses, duration of administration, cells and animal models used in the studies
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