Table 2.
Neuropsychological results for the CB patients.
| Neuropsychological Tests | Mean (sd) | Range | Cut-off | Number impaired | Not tested |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONING | |||||
| WAIS-R | 88.30 (13.11) | 61–115 | < 70 | 1 (CB35) | – |
| Ravens' 47 | 29.44 (3.20) | 22–34 | < 18.96 | – | – |
| VERBAL COMPREHENSION | |||||
| Token test | 32.50 (1.53) | 29–35 | < 32 | 1 (CB21) | 1 (CB27) |
| VERBAL PRODUCTION | |||||
| Denomination of words described by the examiner | 1.22 (1.51) | 0–5 | >2 | 2 (CB3, CB33) | 4 (CB1, CB27, CB9, CB35) |
| Phrase Construction | 10.64 (2.61) | 3–15 | < 8.72 | 3 (CB5, CB14, CB21) | 5 (CB1, CB3, CB7, CB9, CB12) |
| VERBAL MEMORY | |||||
| Rey's 15 mots short term | 44.24 (6.47) | 34–61 | < 28.53 | – | 1 (CB7) |
| Rey's 15 mots long term | 9.92 (2.36) | 5–14 | < 4.69 | – | 1 (CB7) |
| Forward digit span | 5.72 (0.89) | 4–8 | < 5 | 2 (CB5, CB24) | 1 (CB7) |
| Backward digit span | 4.32 (1.07) | 3–7 | < 3 | – | 1 (CB7) |
| EPISODIC MEMORY | |||||
| Short-Story recall | 10.75 (3.57) | 2–15 | < 4.75 | 2 (CB4, CB33) | 1 (CB7) |
| VISUOSPATIAL MEMORY | |||||
| Rey-Osterrieth figure (recall) | 12.57 (6.76) | 1–27 | < 9.47 | 7 (CB3, CB4, CB14, CB21, CB29, CB30, CB32) | 1 (CB7) |
| Forward Corsi | 5.36 (1.19) | 3–9 | < 5 | 5 (CB5, CB12, CB15, CB16, CB35) | 2 (CB7, CB4) |
| Backward Corsi | 4.64 (1.11) | 3–8 | < 3 | – | 2 (CB7, CB4) |
| VISUOSPATIAL ABILITY | |||||
| Rey-Osterrieth figure (copy) | 30.97 (3.60) | 18–36 | < 28.88 | 2 (CB3, CB32) | 1 (CB7) |
| ATTENTION | |||||
| Multiple features targets cancellation task | 0.93 (0.07) | 0–1 | < 0.869 | 2 (CB14, CB30) | 1 (CB7) |
| Lines cancellation task | 0.28 (0.74) | 0–3 | – | – | 1 (CB7) |
| Trail making test: | 65.13 (28.26) | 29–153 | ≥94 | 1 (CB33) | 3 (CB7, CB9, CB35) |
| A | |||||
| B | 127.54 (37.14) | 60–211 | ≥283 | – | 3 (CB7, CB9, CB35) |
| A-B | 59.71 (37.01) | −8 to 178 | ≥187 | – | 3 (CB7, CB9, CB35) |
| EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS | |||||
| Phonological fluency (FAS) | 30.38 (9.04) | 17–54 | < 17.35 | 1 (CB9) | 1 (CB7) |
| WCST: | |||||
| Total Errors | 107.62 (10.48) | 81–119 | < 85-91 | 1 (CB9) | 1 (CB7) |
| Perseverative Responses | 110.58 (24.38) | 81–138 | < 85-91 | – | 1 (CB7) |
| Perseverative Errors | 114.54 (13.71) | 81–138 | < 85-91 | 1 (CB9) | 1 (CB7) |
The patients' performance to each test was considered impaired when the score was below the cut-off value, with exception of the “Denomination of words described by the examiner” and the “Trial making test” in which the performance resulted impaired when the score was higher than the cut-off value.