Table 4.
Associations of total and device-specific screen viewing (hours per day) with sleep duration (hours per day) stratified by age group
| β (95%CI) | P value c | β (95% CI) | P for trend d | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Up to 6 months | |||||||
| SV | 0 h (n = 230) | < 1 h (n = 43) | 1–2 h (n = 23) | ≥ 2 h (n = 25) | Per Hour | ||
| Model 1a | Ref | −1.75 (− 2.99,-0.51) | −2.26 (− 3.89,-0.63) | −3.26 (− 4.83,-1.69) | < 0.01 | − 0.82 (− 1.19,-0.44) | < 0.01 |
| Model 2b | Ref | − 1.59 (− 2.84,-0.34) | −2.07 (− 3.74,-0.40) | −2.88 (− 4.50,-1.26) | < 0.01 | − 0.73 (− 1.12,-0.34) | < 0.01 |
| TV | 0 h (n = 245) | < 1 h (n = 41) | 1–2 h (n = 16) | ≥ 2 h (n = 19) | Per Hour | ||
| Model 1 | Ref | −2.01 (−3.28,-0.74) | − 2.05 (− 3.99,-0.11) | −2.74 (− 4.54,-0.95) | < 0.01 | − 1.03 (− 1.59,-0.46) | < 0.01 |
| Model 2 | Ref | −1.76 (− 3.05,-0.48) | −2.02 (− 4.01,-0.04) | −2.47 (− 4.29,-0.65) | < 0.01 | −0.85 (− 1.43,-0.27) | < 0.01 |
| Mobile devices | 0 h (n = 279) | < 1 h (n = 29) | 1–2 h (n = 7) | ≥ 2 h (n = 6) | Per Hour | ||
| Model 1 | Ref | −1.63 (−3.11,-0.15) | −3.80 (− 6.71,-0.89) | − 2.79 (− 5.93,0.35) | < 0.01 | −0.81 (− 1.39,-0.23) | 0.01 |
| Model 2 | Ref | −1.37 (−2.88,0.14) | −3.21 (− 6.15,-0.27) | − 2.62 (− 5.85,0.61) | 0.03 | − 0.73 (− 1.33,-0.14) | 0.02 |
| 7–24 months | |||||||
| SV | 0 h (n = 105) | < 1 h (n = 104) | 1–2 h (n = 93) | ≥ 2 h (n = 91) | Per Hour | ||
| Model 1 | Ref | −0.35 (− 0.93,0.23) | −0.88 (− 1.48,-0.28) | − 1.12 (− 1.72,-0.52) | < 0.01 | −0.17 (− 0.28,-0.06) | < 0.01 |
| Model 2 | Ref | −0.29 (− 0.87,0.29) | −0.84 (− 1.45,-0.23) | −0.91 (− 1.54,-0.28) | 0.01 | − 0.13 (− 0.24,-0.01) | 0.03 |
| TV | 0 h (n = 153) | < 1 h (n = 117) | 1–2 h (n = 61) | ≥ 2 h (n = 62) | Per Hour | ||
| Model 1 | Ref | −0.16 (− 0.68,0.36) | −0.77 (− 1.41,-0.13) | −0.86 (− 1.50,-0.23) | 0.01 | − 0.17 (− 0.34,0.01) | 0.06 |
| Model 2 | Ref | − 0.08 (− 0.60,0.43) | −0.68 (− 1.33,-0.02) | −0.61 (− 1.26,0.05) | 0.1 | −0.09 (− 0.27,-0.08) | 0.29 |
| Mobile devices | 0 h (n = 220) | < 1 h (n = 112) | 1–2 h (n = 40) | ≥ 2 h (n = 21) | Per Hour | ||
| Model 1 | Ref | −0.62 (− 1.12,-0.13) | − 0.68 (− 1.41,-0.05) | −0.66 (− 1.62,0.31) | 0.04 | −0.23 (− 0.45,-0.02) | 0.04 |
| Model 2 | Ref | −0.62 (− 1.11,-0.13) | −0.54 (− 1.28,0.19) | −0.45 (− 1.43,0.53) | 0.07 | − 0.17 (− 0.40,-0.05) | 0.12 |
aUnadjusted model
bMultivariable model adjusted for children’s age race, sex, maternal education, father’s education, mother’s education, caregiver, marital status, housing type
cOverall effect of categorical screen viewing variables
dTrend of association using screen viewing variables