Table 2.

Longitudinal t-fMRI papers.

Authors (year)	Sample size	Age at baseline	MS duration at baseline (years)	EDSS at baseline	Study design	Follow-up (months)	Functional main result(s)	Clinical correlation(s)	Structural correlation(s)
Pantano al. (2005) [46]	18 MS 9 HS	31.0 (8.0) 31.0 (8.0)	— —	1.0 [0.0–2.5] —	Finger opposition task	15–26	Decreased activity in the ipsilateral SMC and contralateral cerebellum	Negative correlation with age and occurrence of new relapses	Correlation with lesion load changes at follow-up
Mezzapesa et al. (2008) [47]	5 RR	35.1 [18.0–63.0] 38.6 [21.0–54.0]	2.5 (3.2) —	1.5 [1.0–4.0] —	Four-finger flexion extension	6	Task execution with unimpaired hand reduced activation of the ipsilateral SMC, SMA, and contralateral SII	Reduced activation of the motor cortex only in patients with good recovery	—
Audoin et al. (2008) [48]	13 CIS 19 HS	29.5 (6.0) 25.8 (6.0)	0.5 (0.2) —	1.0 [0.0–2.0] —	PASAT	12	MS with decreased/unchanged PASAT: decrement of frontal activation MS with increment in PASAT score: increment of frontal activation	Positive correlation between change in PASAT performance and change in activation of the lateral prefrontal cortex	—
Pantano et al. (2011) [100]	19 RR relapse 13 RR stable	36.8 (6.7) 37.4 (9.2)	7.8 (6.7) 7.3 (5.6)	1.5 [0.0–3.5] 1.5 [1.0–3.0]	4-finger flexion extension	1-2	Greater deactivation in IPG activity in relapsing vs stable MS	Greater activity changes in fast vs slow recovery	—
Loitfelder al. (2014) [101]	13 RR 15 HS	31.3 (10.0) 26.3 (4.7)	2.55 [0.3–10.1] —	1.5 [0.0–3.5] —	Go/No Go task	20	Increased activation in L IPL	Negative correlation with SDMT and EDSS	Negative correlation with lesion load

SMC: sensorimotor cortex; SMA: supplementary motor area; SII: secondary sensory/sensorimotor cortex; IPG: inferior parietal gyrus; IPL: inferior parietal lobule. L: left; R: right; italic font: mean; round parenthesis: standard deviation; squared parenthesis: range.