Table 6.
Interventional r-fMRI papers.
| Authors (year) | Sample size | Age (mean) | MS duration (years) | EDSS (median) | Intervention(s) (setting and schedule) | Technique(s) | Functional main result(s) | Clinical correlation(s) | Structural correlation(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Filippi al. (2012) [75] | 10 RR Active 10 RR Control |
46.7 [25.0–64.0] 44.8 [28–60] |
13.5 [1.0–28.0] 15.5 [1.0–28.0] |
2.0 [1.5–4.0] 2.5 [1–4.0.0] |
12 weeks of computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation | ICA | FC in the DMN, SPN, and EFN increase or stay stable in the active group | FC changes correlates with cognitive improvement | — |
| Petsas et al. (2015) [74] | 20 RR 14 HS |
34.0 (6.0) 31.0 (5.0) |
13.5 (16.5) — |
1.5 [0.0–3.0] — |
25 minutes of right repetitive thumb flexions | ICA | Greater increment of FC in the cerebellum | No significant results | Correlation between FC in SMN and lesion volume |
| Boutiére et al. (2016) [77] | 9MS Active 7 SP, 8 MS Control |
48.2 (9.4) 55.4 (11.1) |
12.2 (8.2) 18.7 (11.0) |
6.0 [4.0–7.0] 6.0 [6.0–6.5] |
13 consecutive days of theta burst stimulation of the motor cortex. | Graph theory | Laterality increases at the end of stimulation and returns to baseline after two weeks | Positive correlation with improvement of spasticity | — |
| De Giglio et al. (2016) [76] | 11 MS Active 11 MS control |
42.0 (8.8) 41.1 (4.4) |
12.9 (5.7) — |
2.0 [2.0–7.0] — |
8-weeks of video game-based cognitive rehabilitation | Seed (thalamus) | Increase FC in the posterior cingulate, precuneus, and parietal cortex and decrement of FC in the cerebellum and L DLPFC | Positive correlation of FC in the parietal cortex and cognitive improvement | — |
SPN: salience processing network; EFN: executive function network; DLPFC: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. L: left; italic font: mean; round parenthesis: standard deviation; squared parenthesis: range.