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RT-qPCR analysis of TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3, Smad7, CTGF, Collagen I, and Collagen III mRNA levels. Data were expressed as the mean ± standard error of mean.∗∗P < 0.01 compared with control group and sham group; #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01 compared with model group.
