Table 1.
Distribution of potential confounding factors of participants grouped by change of hyperuricemia from 2009 to 2011.
| Baseline characteristic | Changes of hyperuricemia | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No hyperuricemia | Remittent hyperuricemia | Incident hyperuricemia | Persistent hyperuricemia | |
| Male (n, %) | 5998 (50.42) | 1022 (79.47) | 683 (78.06) | 1148 (85.29)∗ |
| Age (years) | 42.31 ± 13.59 | 45.01 ± 14.79 | 42.96 ± 15.07 | 46.88 ± 15.30∗ |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.81 ± 3.34 | 26.06 ± 3.33 | 25.91 ± 3.31 | 26.8 ± 3.05∗ |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 114.86 ± 14.80 | 121.44 ± 14.15 | 121.73 ± 15.12 | 123.21 ± 14.31∗ |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 75.34 ± 9.08 | 79.51 ± 9.16 | 79.78 ± 9.92 | 80.73 ± 9.32∗ |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.83 ± 0.91 | 5.11 ± 0.99 | 4.96 ± 0.90 | 5.22 ± 0.98∗ |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.27 ± 0.99 | 1.99 ± 1.65 | 1.77 ± 1.23 | 2.28 ± 1.84∗ |
| HDLC (mmol/L) | 1.38 ± 0.32 | 1.23 ± 0.29 | 1.23 ± 0.27 | 1.18 ± 0.25∗ |
| High school or higher education (n, %) | 11732 (98.62) | 1274 (99.07) | 864 (98.74) | 1330 (98.81) |
| Physical activity (n, %) | ||||
| Low | 1023 (8.60) | 73 (5.68) | 54 (6.17) | 74 (5.50)∗ |
| Moderate | 10513 (88.37) | 1180 (91.76) | 802 (91.66) | 1240 (92.12) |
| High | 360 (3.03) | 33 (2.57) | 19 (2.17) | 32 (2.38) |
| Smoking status (n, %) | 600 (5.04) | 85 (6.61) | 62 (7.09) | 121 (8.99)∗ |
| Drinking status (n, %) | 1034 (8.69) | 137 (10.65) | 85 (9.71) | 191 (14.19)∗ |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 698 (5.87) | 58 (4.51) | 53 (6.06) | 103 (7.65)∗ |
∗ P < 0.05. Data were presented as the mean ± standard deviation or number (%). BMI = body mass index; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; TC = total cholesterol; TG = triglycerides; HDLC = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.