Table 3.
Compounds | Target cells | Mechanism of action | Test | Outcome | Year | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HCT | L1210 | Inhibition of RR activity | In vitro | Antineoplastic effect | 1956-89 | [119–126] |
| ||||||
Chitosan copper(II) complex | 293 and HeLa cells | Checkpoint-controlled progression of cell proliferation at S phase | In vitro | Inhibition of cellular proliferation | 2006 2000 |
[42] [138] |
| ||||||
Copper loaded chitosan nano particles | Osteocarcinoma | nano particles mediated enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, increase in ROS level, DNA fragmentation and apoptosis | In vitro and in vivo | Inhibition of tumor growth | 2017 2009 2013 2009 |
[96] [139] [140] [141] |
| ||||||
CMCS | HUVECs | Inhibition of extracellular matrix degradation and transformation of malignant cells |
In vitro |
Suppression of angiogenesis, decrease in VEGF and increase in TIMP1 levels |
2015 2009 2007 2007 |
[45] [82] [95] [106] |
H-22 | Necrosis due to cell distortion and disintegration of nuclei | In vivo | Inhibition of tumor growth | 2015 | [45] | |
Solid tumor | Enhancement in IFN- γ and TNF- α levels, regulation of immune-related cytokines induction and immunoenhancement | In vivo mice model | Increase in thymus index, tumor growth inhibition | 2015 | [45] | |
| ||||||
Chitosan thymine conjugate | HepG2 | Inhibition of DNA synthesis, mRNA transcription and translation of the cancer-causing gene | In vitro | Inhibition of tumor growth | 2012 | [46] |
| ||||||
SCS and SBCS | MCF-7 cells | Induction of apoptosis and blockade of the FGF-2-induced phosphorylation of ERK | In vitro | Inhibition of cells proliferation | 2011 | [47] |
| ||||||
G-Chi- MMC and N-Suc-Chi -MMC conjugate | Solid tumors, leukemia, metastatic liver cancer | Sustained release of drug from conjugate | In vitro and in vivo | Higher antitumor effect and less side effects | 2005 | [48] |
| ||||||
Furanoallocolchicinoid- chitosan conjugate | Wnt-1 breast tumor bearing mice | Tubulin reorganization, cell cycle arrest, sequestering of colchicine molecules. | In vivo | Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and less side effects. | 2016 2015 |
[49] [75] |
| ||||||
3-Amino-2-phenyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone PPC-silver chloride nano composite | EAC and MCF-7 | Sequestering of molecules from noncancer cells and sustained release to cancer cells with zero order kinetics | In vitro | Target delivery of nano particles | 2017 | [50, 51] |