Table 1.
Characteristics of RCTs of pharmacopuncture for cervicogenic dizziness
| First Author; pub. year | No. of participants; Age* | Duration of disease* | Intervention type | Injection route and acupoints | Treatment period | Type of control group | Outcome measure | Results | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cao, 2013 [11] | 120; 18 ~ 70 | 1d ~ 10y | Angelica gigas extract, IA, qd | GB20, ST36, holographic acupoints on second metacarpal bones | 11d ~ 17d | • Tuina, qd • Herbal medicine, po, tid |
Symptom improvement | T > C, P < 0.05 | NR |
| Chang, 2015 [12] | 116; 43.0 | 10.1m | • Anisodamine • Cervical traction, qid • Salvia miltiorrhiza, Carthamus tinctorius, IV • Herbal medicine, po |
Anisodamine: GB20 Salvia miltiorrhiza, Carthamus tinctorius: IV | 10d | • Cervical traction, qid • Salvia miltiorrhiza, Carthamus tinctorius, IV • Herbal medicine, po |
Symptom improvement | T > C, P < 0.05 | NR |
| Huo, 2010 [13] | 80; > 40 | NR | • Ligustrazine, IA, qd • Salvia miltiorrhiza, Dalbergia odorifera, betahistine, IV, qd |
Ligustrazine: GB20 Salvia miltiorrhiza, Dalbergia odorifera: IV | 22d | Salvia miltiorrhiza, Dalbergia odorifera, betahistine, IV, qd | Symptom improvement | T > C, P < 0.05 | NR |
| Li, 2006 [14] | 74; 32 ~ 69 | 1y ~ 21y | Salvia miltiorrhiza, Dalbergia odorifera, IA qod | GB20 | 24d | AT, qd | Symptom improvement | T > C, P < 0.05 | NR |
| Liu, 2001 [15] | 300; 27 ~ 58 | 1m ~ 12y | Salvia miltiorrhiza, Dalbergia odorifera, Angelica gigas extract, Panax notoginseng saponins, lidocaine, vitamin B12, IA, q3d | GB20, BL10, GV16 | 15d | AT, GV16 | Symptom improvement | T > C, P < 0.05 | NR |
| Wang, 2009 [16] | 48; 18 ~ 77 | 20d ~ 6y | • Carthamus tinctorius, lidocaine, vitamin B12,tid | GV20, GB20, cervical paravertebral points | 12d | • Cervical traction, bid • Iontophoresis with herbal |
Symptom improvement | T > C, P < 0.05 | NR |
| Cao, 2005 [17] | 35; 47.9 | 1d ~ 15y | Anisodamine, lidocaine, IA, qd | GB20 | 7d | Salvia miltiorrhiza, Dalbergia odorifera, IV, qd | (1) Symptom improvement (2) Relapse rate for the first year |
(1) T > C, P < 0.05 (2) T > C, P < 0.05 |
NR |
| Weng, 2006 [18] | 112; > 45 | 3m~10y | • Gastrodin, IA, q3d • Flunarizine hydrochloride, po, qd |
GB20 | 9d | Salvia miltiorrhiza, IV, qd | (1) Symptom improvement (2) Change of TCD flow velocity |
(1) T > C, P < 0.05 (2) Vd: VA [left]: P < 0.05, VA [right]: P > 0.05, BA: P < 0.01 |
NR |
| Zou, 2007 [19] | 73; 35 ~ 70 | 1m~6y | Salvia miltiorrhiza, qod | GB20, BL10 | 20d | Salvia medicine, IV | Symptom improvement | T > C, P < 0.01 05 | NR |
| Ju, 2011 [20] | 80; 57.5 | 11.7d | Lidocaine, vitamin B12,vitaminB1,dexamethaso ne,IA,qod | ST10, GB20, GV14, and cervical paravertebral point | 10d | • Aspirin, po • Panax notoginseng saponins, citicoline, IV, qd |
Symptom improvement | T > C, P < 0.05 | NR |
| Yang, [12] 2010 [21] | 78; NR | NR | Angelica gigas extract, Ligusticum striatum extract and Carthamus tinctorius extract, IA, qd | GB20, cervical paravertebral points, GV16 | 14d | Salvia miltiorrhiza, Dalbergia odorifera, IV, qd | Symptom improvement and change of TCD flow velocity | T > C, P < 0.05 | NR |
| Sun, 2001 [22] | 242; 26 ~ 77 | 1d ~ 14y | Salvia miltiorrhiza, Dalbergia odorifera, IA qd | GV20, CV04, Jingyun acupoint, additional acupoints according to pattern differentiation | 22d | • Salvia miltiorrhiza, Dalbergia odorifera, IV, qd • Herbal medicine, po |
Symptom improvement | T > C, P < 0.01 | NR |
| Yang, 2006 [23] | 68; 29 ~ 72 | 12d ~ 7m | Salvia miltiorrhiza, Dalbergia odorifera, IA, qod | GB20, cervical paravertebral points | 27d | • Salvia miltiorrhiza, Dalbergia odorifera, IV, qd • Flunarizine hydrochloride, po, qd |
Symptom improvement | T > C, P < 0.05 | NR |
| Wang, 2003 [24] | 48; 28 ~ 67 | 3d ~ 5y | Salvia miltiorrhiza, Dalbergia odorifera, Angelica gigas extract, lidocaine, vitamin B12, IA, qd | GB20, cervical paravertebral points | 25d | • Salvia miltiorrhiza, Dalbergia odorifera, IV, qd • Flunarizine hydrochloride, po, qd |
Symptom improvement | T > C, P < 0.05 | NR |
| Tang, 2011 [25] | 60; 43 ~ 69 | NR | • Gastrodin • AT, qd |
cervical paravertebral points | 10d | Gastrodin, IV, qd | Scoring for dizziness | T > C, P < 0.05 | NR |
| Wang, 2008 [26] | 68; 42.0 | 3.2y | • Salvia miltiorrhiza, Dalbergia odorifera, IA, qd • Physical therapy, cervical traction, manipulation, qd |
GB20, BL10, cervical paravertebral points | 22d | • Physical therapy, cervical traction, manipulation, qd | Symptom improvement | T > C, P < 0.05 | NR |
| Xiao, 2016 [27] | 114; 49.8 | 2m ~ 14y | • Gastrodin, IV, qd • AT, qd |
IV | 20d | • Group1: AT, qd • Group2: Gastrodin, IV, qd |
Scoring for symptoms and function rehabilitation of cervical vertigo | • Group1: T > C, P > 0.05 • Group2: T > C, P < 0.05 |
NR |
| Tan, 2013 [28] | 70; 43.2 | 5d ~ 8y | Panax notoginseng saponins, IV, qd | IV | 14d | AT, qd | Symptom improvement | T < C, P < 0.05 | NR |
| Long, 2004 [29] | 92; 36 ~ 70 | 2m ~ 10y | • Panax notoginseng saponins, Angelica gigas extract, Carthamus tinctorius extract, IA,qod • AT, qd |
GB20 | 30d | • Salvia miltiorrhiza, IV, qd • Nimodipine, tid |
(1) Symptom improvement (2) Scoring for symptoms and function rehabilitation of cervical vertigo |
(1) T > C, P < 0.05 (2) T > C, P < 0.01 |
NR |
| Zhang, 2011 [30] | 75; 30 ~ 78 | 2h ~ 20y | Salvia miltiorrhiza, Dalbergia odorifera, IV, qd | IV | 10d | AT, qd~bid | Symptom improvement | T < C, P < 0.01 | NR |
| Zhu, 2012 [31] | 120; 37 ~ 74 | NR | Ginkgo biloba, IV, qd | IV | 28d | AT, qd | (1) Dizziness symptom score (2) Symptom improvement |
(1) T < C, P < 0.05 (2) T < C, P < 0.05 |
NR |
| Li, 2006 [32] | 108; 50 ~ 75 | 6m ~ 12y | Puerarin, qd | IV | 15d | AT, qd | Symptom improvement | P < 0.01 | NR |
| Li, 1998 [33] | 140; 38 ~ 67 | 12d ~ 5y | • Scopolamine, vitamin B6, IA, qd • AT, qd |
cervical paravertebral points | 10d | • Herbal medicine • Tuina, cervical traction, physiotherapy |
Symptom improvement | T > C, P < 0.05 | NR |
| Jin, 2014 [34] | 82; 37 ~ 74 | NR | • Ligustrazine, IV, qd • Symptomatic treatment |
IV | 14d | • Cinepazide maleate, IV, qd • Symptomatic treatment |
(1) Remission time of dizziness, tinnitus and balance disorder (2) Symptom improvement and change of TCD flow velocity |
(1) T < C, P < 0.05 (2) T < C, P < 0.05 |
NR |
| Yi, 2012 [35] | 98; 35 ~ 74 | NR | Ligustrazine, IV, qd | IV | 14d | Cinepazide maleate, IV, qd | Symptom improvement and change of TCD flow velocity | T < C, P < 0. 05 | NR |
| He, 2013 [36] | 128; 57 ~ 78 | NR | Ligustrazine, IV, qd | IV | NR | Cinepazide maleate, IV, qd | Symptom improvement | T < C, P < 0.05 | NR |
| Yang, 2015 [37] | 80; 25 ~ 72 | 5m ~ 13y | • Angelica gigas extract, Ligusticum striatum extract and Carthamus tinctorius extract, IA, qod • AT, qod |
Ashi points, cervical paravertebral points, ST36, GB20 and BL23 | 21d | AT, qod | Symptom improvement | T > C, P < 0.05 | NR |
*
The values are presented as range or average.
Abbreviations: publication, pub.; number, no.; control group, C; Treatment group, T; day, d; month, m; year, y;everyday, qd; every other day, qod; every third day, q3d; twice a day, bid; three times a day, tid; four times a day, qid; acupuncture, AT; systolic velocity, Vs; diastolic velocity, Vd; vertebral artery, VA; basilar artery, BA; intra-acupoint, IA; intravenously, IV; not reported, NR;