Table 2:
Characteristics of study population based on awareness of abnormal involuntary movements*
| Aware, with distress |
No awareness | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild | Moderate | Nil | ||||
| Age of patient (in years) | 51.44 ± 8.34 | 66 | 40.86 ± 15.01 | 36.5 ± 12.59 | 0.000 | |
| Treatment duration in OP (months) | 160.5 ± 150.97 | 60 | 158.46 ± 174.65 | 96.83 ± 107.06 | 0.829 | |
| Living with disorder for (years) | 33 ± 10.96 | 39 | 19.21 ± 13.98 | 13.41 ± 11.64 | 0.028 | |
| Age at initial diagnosis (years) | 19.67 ± 5 | 23 ± 5.66 | 23.36 ± 9.61 | 22.82 ± 8.99 | 0.226 | |
| PANSS | Positive | 16.38 ± 3.66 | 10 | 16.21 ± 4.36 | 15.58 ± 4.94 | 0.592 |
| Negative | 19.5 ± 5.63 | 13 | 13.44± 3.38 | 15.54± 5.94 | 0.06 | |
| GPS | 31.5 ± 4.69 | 22 | 29.5 ± 7.99 | 29.2 ± 10.13 | 0.798 | |
| Overall | 67.38± 6 | 45 | 58.71 ± 11.87 | 60.19± 17.78 | 0.477 | |
| Sex | Male | 8 (3.2) | 0 | 29 (12.3) | 198 (84.3) | 0.056 |
| Female | 2 (3.2) | 2 (3.2) | 7(11.1) | 52 (82.5) | ||
| Disease | Bipolar disorder | 0 | 0 | 3 (30) | 7 (70) | 0.118 |
| Schizoaffective | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (5.3) | 34 (89.5) | ||
| Broad schizophrenia | 4 (4.5) | 0 | 17 (19.1) | 68 (76.4) | ||
| Strict schizophrenia | 5 (3.1) | 1 (0.6) | 14 (8.7) | 141 (87.6) | ||
| Muscles of facial expression | Mild | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 (100) | 0.406 |
| Minimal | 1 (20) | 0 | 1 (20) | 3 (60) | ||
| None | 9 (3.1) | 2 (0.7) | 35 (12.2) | 240 (83.9) | ||
| Lip and perioral area | Mild | 1 (14.3) | 0 | 2 (28.6) | 4 (57.1) | 0.259 |
| Minimal | 2 (12.5) | 0 | 3 (18.8) | 11 (68.8) | ||
| Moderate | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (100) | ||
| None | 7 (2.6) | 2 (0.7) | 31 (11.4) | 231 (85.2) | ||
| Jaw | Mild | 4 (16.7) | 2 (8.3) | 10 (41.7) | 8 (33.3) | 0.000 |
| Minimal | 1 (3.6) | 0 | 8 (28.6) | 19 (67.9) | ||
| Moderate | 0 | 0 | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | ||
| None | 5 (2.1) | 0 | 17 (7) | 221 (90.9) | ||
| Tongue | Mild | 5 (16.7) | 0 | 14 (46.7) | 11 (36.7) | 0.0000 |
| Minimal | 1 (2) | 0 | 9 (18) | 40 (80) | ||
| Moderate | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (100) | ||
| None | 4 (1.9) | 2 (0.9) | 13 (6) | 196 (91.2) | ||
| Severe | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | ||
| Upper limbs | Mild | 6 (19.4) | 0 | 14 (45.2) | 11 (35.5) | 0.0000 |
| Minimal | 1 (2.8) | 0 | 7 (19.4) | 28 (77.8) | ||
| Moderate | 0 | 0 | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | ||
| None | 3 (1.3) | 2 (0.9) | 14 (6.1) | 209 (91.7) | ||
| Lower limb | Mild | 3 (16.7) | 0 | 8 (44.4) | 7 (38.9) | 0.0000 |
| Minimal | 0 | 0 | 7 (36.8) | 12 (63.2) | ||
| None | 7 (2.7) | 2 (0.8) | 21 (8) | 231 (88.5) | ||
| Neck, shoulder, hip | MD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (100) | 0.004 |
| Mild | 0 | 0 | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | ||
| Minimal | 2 (40) | 0 | 0 | 3 (60) | ||
| None | 8 (2.8) | 2 (0.7) | 35 (97.2) | 244 (84.4) | ||
| Severity | Mild | 9 (21.4) | 2 (4.8) | 17 (40.5) | 14 (33.3) | 0.0000 |
| Minimal | 1 (2) | 0 | 11 (22) | 38 (76) | ||
| Moderate | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 (100) | ||
| None | 0 | 0 | 8 (4) | 193 (96) | ||
| Incapacitation | MD | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | 0 | 0.000 |
| Mild | 2 (40) | 0 | 1 (20) | 2 (40) | ||
| Minimal | 3 (27.3) | 0 | 4 (36.4) | 4 (36.4) | ||
| Moderate | 1 (16.7) | 0 | 0 | 5 (83.3) | ||
| None | 4 (1.5) | 2 (0.7) | 30 (10.9) | 239 (86.9) | ||
*
± Indicates standard deviation; value inside brackets “(),” expressed as percentages (%).