Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by change in KCCQ overall summary score
| Characteristic | Overall n = 2038 |
Decrease (≥ 5 point) n = 462 |
No change (< 5 point) n = 658 |
Increase (≥ 5 point) n = 918 |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60 (52, 68) | 60 (52, 70) | 61 (52, 70) | 59 (51, 67) | 0.04 |
| Female | 581/2038 (28.5%) | 123/462 (26.6%) | 205/658 (31.2%) | 253/918 (27.6%) | 0.18 |
| Race | 0.16 | ||||
| Black | 625/2007 (31.1%) | 155/455 (34.1%) | 180/649 (27.7%) | 290/903 (32.1%) | |
| White | 1277/2007 (63.6%) | 278/455 (61.1%) | 437/649 (67.3%) | 562/903 (62.2%) | |
| BMI, (kg/m2) | 30 (26, 35) | 30 (26, 35) | 29 (26, 34) | 30 (26, 36) | 0.04 |
| HF status | |||||
| Resting systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 111 (100, 126) | 110 (100 ,124) | 112 (100, 127) | 110 (100, 124) | 0.43 |
| Resting heart rate (beats per minute) | 70 (63, 77) | 70 (62, 78) | 68 (62, 76) | 70 (64, 78) | 0.02 |
| NYHA class III-IV | 741/2038 (36.4%) | 173/462 (37.4%) | 205/658 (31.2%) | 363/918 (39.5%) | 0.003 |
| Ischemic etiology of HF | 1061/2038 (52.1%) | 249/462 (53.9%) | 362/658 (55.0%) | 450/918 (49.0%) | 0.04 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 25 (20, 30) | 24 (19, 30) | 25 (20, 30) | 25 (20, 30) | 0.32 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension | 1201/2026 (59.3%) | 275/459 (59.9%) | 399/656 (60.8%) | 527/911 (57.8%) | 0.47 |
| Diabetes | 643/2038 (31.6%) | 158/462 (34.2%) | 192/658 (29.2%) | 293/918 (31.9%) | 0.20 |
| Previous MI | 867/2038 (42.5%) | 195/462 (42.2%) | 301/658 (45.7%) | 371/918 (40.4%) | 0.11 |
| Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter | 432/2038 (21.2%) | 120/462 (26.0%) | 127/658 (19.3%) | 185/918 (20.2%) | 0.02 |
| Labs | |||||
| ProBNP, pg/mL (n = 1225) | 829 (347, 1809) | 927 (361, 2301) | 849 (391, 1667) | 750 (318, 1748) | 0.08 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 21 (15, 28) | 22 (17, 30) | 21 (15, 27) | 20 (15, 27) | 0.002 |
| HF treatment | |||||
| Beta-blocker | 1926/2038 (94.5%) | 438/462 (94.8%) | 618/658 (93.9%) | 870/918 (94.8%) | 0.73 |
| Carvedilol dose equivalents (mg) | 38 (25–50) [1912] | 25 (25–50) [436] | 50 (25–50) [615] | 50 (25–50) [861] | 0.38 |
| ACE/ARB | 1933/2038 (94.8%) | 433/462 (93.7%) | 632/658 (96.0%) | 868/918 (94.6%) | 0.19 |
| Loop diuretic | 1592/2038 (78.1%) | 373/462 (80.7%) | 485/658 (73.7%) | 734/918 (80.0%) | 0.004 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 920/2038 (45.1%) | 209/462 (45.2%) | 283/658 (43.0%) | 428/918 (46.6%) | 0.36 |
| Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator | 844/2038 (41.4%) | 183/462 (39.6%) | 263/658 (40.0%) | 398/918 (43.4%) | 0.27 |
| HF function and quality of life | |||||
| Baseline exercise capacity | |||||
| Peak VO2 (mL/kg/min) | 14.5 (11.6, 17.7) | 14.0 (11.3, 17.3) | 15.0 (12.0, 17.9) | 14.6 (11.5, 17.8) | 0.08 |
| Peak heart rate with exercise (beats per minute) | 120 (104, 134) | 116 (101, 132) | 120 (106, 136) | 120 (105, 134) | 0.01 |
| CPX duration (min) | 10 (7, 12) | 9 (7, 12) | 10 (7, 13) | 10 (7, 12) | 0.002 |
| 6MWT distance (m) | 372 (300, 434) | 370 (304, 425) | 384 (314, 443) | 366 (290, 430) | 0.004 |
| KCCQ overall summary score | 69 (52, 83) | 74 (59, 86) | 80 (60, 92) | 60 (46, 74) | <.001 |
| Beck depression inventory II | 8 (4, 15) | 8 (5, 14) | 6 (3, 12) | 10 (5, 17) | <.001 |
| Social history | |||||
| Any college education | 1216/1995 (61.0%) | 266/451 (59.0%) | 394/641 (61.5%) | 556/903 (61.6%) | 0.62 |
| Married or living with partner | 1251/2024 (61.8%) | 289/459 (63.0%) | 408/650 (62.8%) | 554/915 (60.5%) | 0.57 |
| Income < $35,000* | 994/2031 (48.9%) | 217/460 (47.2%) | 318/658 (48.3%) | 459/913 (50.3%) | 0.49 |
| Unemployed | 104/1997 (5.2%) | 17/454 (3.7%) | 24/644 (3.7%) | 63/899 (7.0%) | 0.005 |
| Permanent employment disability | 622/1997 (31.1%) | 138/454 (30.4%) | 198/644 (30.7%) | 286/899 (31.8%) | 0.84 |
Values are median (25th, 75th) or number (%). CPX = cardiopulmonary exercise, HF = heart failure, KCCQ = Kansas city cardiomyopathy questionnaire, MI = myocardial infarction.
*
2003–2007 U.S. Dollars.