Table 4.

Cell mass and FAME content in Y. lipolytica transformant YL165-1 cells cultured in moderate and high C/N media with or without a chemical chaperone.

Row no.	Media and strains	Glucose	Cell mass			FAME
		Consumed	OD600	DCW	Yield	FAME%	Total	Yield
		g L-1		g L-1	g g-1 sugar	DCW basis	amount g L-1	mg g-1 sugar
	Moderate C/N medium for FAME production at basal level
1	HA1 (EV)	29.2 ± 0.3	21.2 ± 0.7	11.9 ± 0.5	0.41 ± 0.02	27% ± 2%	3.2 ± 0.2	113 ± 9
2	YL165-1	29.3 ± 0.2	19.4 ± 0.8	10.5 ± 0.4∗	0.36 ± 0.02∗	15% ± 2%∗∗	1.5 ± 0.1∗∗	52 ± 6∗∗
	(Statistical analysis: Row 2 vs. row 1)
	High C/N ratio medium for FAME production at suboptimal level
3	HA1 (EV)	12.6 ± 0.9	5.1 ± 0.2	3.1 ± 0.1	0.25 ± 0.02	28% ± 1%	0.9 ± 0.1	69 ± 7
4	YL165-1	48.0 ± 1.3∗∗	16.2 ± 0.6	10.1 ± 0.3	0.21 ± 0.01	34% ± 2%∗	3.4 ± 0.2∗∗	71 ± 4∗∗
	(Statistical analysis: Row 4 vs. row 2)
	High C/N ratio medium + TMAO for FAME production at optimal level
5	HA1 (EV)	16.1 ± 1.1	6.2 ± 0. 2	4.1 ± 0.3	0.26 ± 0.03	24% ± 1%	1.0 ± 0.1	63 ± 8
6	YL165-1	79.9 ± 0.1∗∗	35.3 ± 1.2∗∗	21.9 ± 0.5∗∗	0.27 ± 0.01∗	27% ± 2%	5.9 ± 0.3∗∗	74 ± 5
	(Statistical analysis: Row 6 vs. row 4)

Data presented as the average of 3 biological replicate samples with SEM. ^∗ and ^∗∗ indicate statistical significance of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively. DCW, dry cell weight; Glu, glucose. HA1 (EV), parent control strain HA1 transformed with empty vector; TMAO, trim ethylamine N-oxide dehydrate.