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. 2019 Jan 9;5:131. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00131

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Copyright © 2019 de Aquino, Leitão, Oliveira Alves, Coelho-Santos, Guerrant, Ribeiro, Malva, Silva and Oriá.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of regional basic (RBD) and high-fat (HFD) diets on astrocytes properties. Representative immunohistochemistry images for (A) GFAP (red, astrocytes), and Hoechst 33342 (blue, nuclei). Scale bar = 40 μm. Both diets induced an increase in (B) GFAP protein levels, (C) immunoreactivity, and (D) S100β protein levels. Yet, HFD had a more pronounced effect than RBD. Regarding morphological alterations, only HFD increased the (E) total number of processes, with no effect on RBD animals. However, both diets induced a significant increase in (F) the total length of such processes and (G) on arbor complexity. Results are expressed as mean + S.E.M., n = 5–7 [for (B,D)], n = 10 [for (C,G)], n = 30 [for (E,F)]. Data were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's post-test for multiple comparisons. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 vs. nourished control group (CTR). A two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's Multiple comparison test was used for Sholl analysis, where *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 vs. CTR.