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. 2019 Jan 9;9:1924. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01924

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Copyright © 2019 Parra-Nunez, Pradillo and Santos.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Cytological analysis of autotetraploid cells at metaphase I. Representative examples of metaphases I from Col 4x (A), Ler 4x (B), and Col/Ler 4x (C). Chromosomes are identified by FISH with 5S (red) and 45S rDNA (green) probes. In Col 4x, tetrasomes 1, 2, and 3 appear as quadrivalents, whereas two bivalents are formed in tetrasomes of chromosomes 4 and 5. In Ler 4x, only the tetrasome of chromosomes 2 appears as two bivalents. In the hybrid, two bivalents are formed in tetrasomes of chromosomes 1 and 3, whereas the remaining tetrasomes appear as quadrivalents. The figure also includes examples of associations between identical chromosomes in bivalents formed by chromosomes 2 (D) and chromosomes 3 (E). Examples of associations between homologous chromosomes in bivalents formed by chromosomes 2 (H) and chromosomes 3 (I). Examples of quadrivalents formed by chromosomes 2 (F) and 3 (G). Capital letters I and H represent identical and homologous association, respectively. Bars represent 5 μm.