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. 2019 Jan 9;9:3054. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03054

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Copyright © 2019 Wangkahart, Secombes and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The expression of IL-1β1 (A), IL-1β2 (B), IL-6 (C), TNFα1 (D), TNFα2 (E), and TNFα3 (F), in response to stimulation by YRF, LPS and PGN in RTS-11 cells. RTS-11 cells were stimulated with 100 ng/ml of YRF, 5,000 ng/ml of ultrapure LPS or 5,000 ng/ml of PGN for 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h. The expression levels were quantified by RT-qPCR and expressed as a fold change that was calculated as the average expression level of stimulated samples divided by that of the time-matched controls. The results are presented as the average + SEM from four wells of cells. Differences between stimulated samples and controls were tested by One way-ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, and ^***p < 0.001.