Table 3.
Comparison of study population characteristics and cycle outcomes among three groups of couples according to BMI
| Variable | Normal weight couplesn=126 | Overweight couplesn=177 | Obese couples n=45 | Test | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female age (Y) | 30.0 ± 4.7 | 30.5 ± 4.6 | 32.3 ± 4.7 | ANOVA | 0.018ᵃ | |
| Male age (Y) | 33.4 ± 4.7 | 35.1 ± 5.9 | 37.9 ± 5.4 | ANOVA | <0.001ᵇ | |
| Female FSH (IU/l) | 6.8 ± 3.6 | 6.1 ± 3.0 | 6.9 ± 3.4 | ANOVA | 0.160 | |
| Female LH (IU/l) | 4.7 ± 3.3 | 4.6 ± 4.1 | 4.6 ± 4.7 | ANOVA | 0.986 | |
| Female AMH (ng/ml) | 2.3 ± 1.7 | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 2.0 ± 1.4 | Kruskal-Wallis | 0.646 | |
| Female TSH (mIU/l) | 2.1 ± 1.8 | 2.3 ± 1.9 | 2.3 ± 1.7 | ANOVA | 0.658 | |
| Type of infertility | Chi-square | 0.426 | ||||
| Primary | 107 (84.9) | 157 (88.7) | 37 (82.3) | |||
| Secondary | 19 (15.1) | 20 (11.3) | 8 (17.7) | |||
| Cause of infertility | Chi-square | 0.150 | ||||
| Ovulatory | 105 (83.3) | 32 (71.1) | 147 (83.1) | |||
| Anovulatory | 21 (16.7) | 13 (28.9) | 30 (16.9) | |||
| Male factor infertility cases | 89 (70.6) | 30 (66.7) | 131 (74) | Chi-square | 0.577 | |
| Infertility duration (Y) | 5.1 ± 3.4 | 6.39 ± 4.7 | 7.08 ± 4.7 | ANOVA | 0.011c | |
| Number of previous ART cycles | 0.4 ± 0.9 | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.4 ± 0.9 | ANOVA | 0.583 | |
| Stimulation duration (days) | 10.7 ± 2.0 | 10.6 ± 2.1 | 10.9 ± 2.4 | ANOVA | 0.664 | |
| Total amount of rFSH dose (IU) | 1932.6 ± 724.0 | 1810.1 ± 821.8 | 1839.9 ± 844.4 | Kruskal-Wallis | 0.176 | |
| Total dose of used gonadotropins (IU) | 2086.1 ± 1005.4 | 2087.9 ± 903.8 | 2251.6 ± 1206.3 | ANOVA | 0.582 | |
| Stimulation protocol | Chi-square | 0.564 | ||||
| Long agonist | 108 (85.7) | 40 (88.9) | 149 (84.2) | |||
| Antagonist | 18 (14.3) | 5 (11.1) | 28 (15.8) | |||
| Total number of retrieved oocytes | 8.9 ± 4.3 | 8.3 ± 3.4 | 8.0 ± 3.52 | ANOVA | 0.327 | |
| Total number of embryos | 5.1 ± 2.7 | 5.0 ± 2.7 | 5.0 ± 2.50 | ANOVA | 0.974 | |
| Number of transferred embryo | 2.4 ± 0.56 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.55 | ANOVA | 0.978 | |
| Endometrial thickness on transfer day (mm) | 9.9 ± 1.4 | 9.9 ± 1.6 | 9.5 ± 1.9 | ANOVA | 0.293 | |
| Quality of transferred embryos (ET)* | Chi-square | 0.675 | ||||
| Good | 82 (65.1) | 111 (62.7) | 32 (71.1) | |||
| Fair | 11 (8.7) | 20 (11.3) | 2 (4.4) | |||
| Poor | 33 (26.2) | 46 (26) | 11 (24.4) | |||
| Fertilization rate | 0.74 ± 0.23 | 0.73 ± 0.24 | 0.78 ± 0.21 | ANOVA | 0.523 | |
| Implantation rate | 0.28 ± 0.173 | 0.31 ± 0.2 | 0.33 ± 0.16 | ANOVA | 0.593 | |
| Clinical pregnancy rate | 40 (78.4) | 68 (89.5) | 21 (87.5) | Chi-square | 0.407 | |
| Blighted ovum | 9 (17.6) | 6 (7.9) | 2 (8.3) | Chi-square | 0.231 | |
| Ectopic pregnancy rate | 2 (3.9) | 2 (2.6) | 1 (4.2) | Chi-square | 0.936 | |
| Multiple pregnancy rate | 7 (19.4) | 15 (27.3) | 5 (27.8) | Chi-square | 0.664 | |
| Miscarriage rate | 2 (5.3) | 9 (14.1) | 2 (10) | Chi-square | 0.362 | |
| Live birth rate | 36 (94.7) | 55 (85.9) | 18 (90) | Chi-square | 0.345 | |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%). BMI; Body mass index, FSH; Follicle stimulating hormone, LH; Luteinizing hormone, AMH; Anti-Müllerian hormone, TSH; Thyroid stimulating hormone, ART; Assisted reproductive technology, rFSH; Recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone, ANOVA: One-way analysis of variance, a; Obese couples vs. overweight couples (P=0.015), normal BMI vs. obese couples (P=0.040) according to Tukey’s test, b; Normal BMI vs. overweight couples (P=0.013), normal BMI vs. obese couples (P<0.001), overweight vs. obese couples (P=0.086) according to Tukey’s test, c; Normal BMI vs. overweight couples (P=0.032), normal BMI vs. obese couples (P=0.021) according to Tukey’s test, *; Good quality embryos-all ET were A, B, or AB, Fair-half of ET were good quality (AC, BC), Poor quality-all ET were C, D, or CD.