Table 1.

Chromatolysis Involves a Set of Events that Might be Caused by One or More Ribonucleases

Cellular event	Examples of candidate ribonucleases
Degradation of mRNA	RNase 1 (Saxena et al., 1992) RNase 2 (Saxena et al., 1992) Polysome‐Bound Endonuclease (PMR1) (Schoenberg and Maquat, 2012) GTPase‐activating protein binding protein (G3BP‐1) (Schoenberg and Maquat, 2012) IRE1α (Li et al., 2013)
Degradation of rRNA	Ribonuclease T2 (Haud et al., 2011)
Degradation of tRNA into tiRNA	RNase 5 (Saxena et al., 1992; Pizzo et al., 2013)
Fragmentation/fission/fusion of rough endoplasmic reticulum	RNase 1 can cause dose‐dependent changes in endoplasmic reticulum whilst EndoU/PP11 ribonucleases can dynamically regulate smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum (Schwarz and Blower, 2014)
Degranulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum	Not known
Degradation of rough endoplasmic reticulum	RNase T2 (Haud et al., 2011)
Disaggregation of polyribosomes into monoribosomes	Ribonuclease 1 (Gerashchenko and Gladyshev, 2017)
Degradation of monoribosomes	RNase T2 (Haud et al., 2011) and Ribonuclease 1 (Gerashchenko and Gladyshev, 2017)
Promotion of rRNA transcription	RNase 5
Stress sensor	IRE1α (Li et al., 2013)

Almost nothing is known about the role of these ribonucleases in chromatolysis in neurons; rather, the evidence for these ribonucleases playing a role in these cellular events is drawn from what is known from other cell types in normal or stressed situations.