Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants
| Characteristics Mean ± SD or n (%) | Non-Drinker N = 3417 | Mild alcohol use (0-6 drinks/week) N = 1973 | Moderate alcohol use (7-13 drinks/week) N = 545 | High alcohol use (≥14 drinks/week) N = 155 | P-Value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60.4±13.4 | 55.1±12.0 | 57.7±12.6 | 58.1±12.0 | <.0001 |
| Male (%) | 1216 (35.5%) | 1081 (54.7%) | 357 (65.5%) | 131 (84.5%) | <.0001 |
| Race | <.0001 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1651 (48.3%) | 1003 (50.8%) | 327 (60%) | 88 (56.7%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 765 (22.3%) | 433 (21.9%) | 103 (18.9%) | 30 (19.3%) | |
| Mexican American | 835 (24.4%) | 465 (23.7%) | 104 (19.0%) | 32 (20.6%) | |
| Other | 166 (4.8%) | 72 (3.6%) | 11 (2.0%) | 5 (3.2%) | |
| Total Annual Family Income <20,000 | 1748 (52.1%) | 690 (35.5%) | 183 (34.0%) | 54 (35.2%) | <.0001 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 132.5±19.9 | 128.5±17.6 | 131.2±17.0 | 133.6±16.5 | <.0001 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 75.6±10.0 | 77.0±9.8 | 77.0±9.9 | 80.0±9.8 | <.0001 |
| Insulin resistance (%) | 1418 (41.6%) | 704 (35.7%) | 207 (38.1%) | 69 (44.8%) | 0.0002 |
| HDL Cholesterol | 50.0±15.1 | 51.8±16.9 | 57.9±18.8 | 59.5±20.8 | <.0001 |
| C-reactive protein | 0.52±0.81 | 0.44±0.64 | 0.42±0.64 | 0.49±0.75 | 0.0001 |
| Body mass index (Kg/m2) | 27.9±5.4 | 27.5±5.2 | 26.0±4.5 | 26.5±4.7 | <.0001 |
| Smoking (%) | |||||
| Current Smoker | 607 (17.7%) | 530 (26.8%) | 195 (35.7%) | 61 (39.3%) | <.0001 |
| Former Smoker | 984 (28.8%) | 679 (34.4%) | 210 (38.5%) | 66 (42.5%) | <.0001 |
| Never Smoker | 1826 (53.4%) | 764 (38.7%) | 140 (25.6%) | 28 (18.0%) | <.0001 |
| Physical Activity (METs per week)* | 7.32 (0-27.4) | 12.79 (3.2-34.6) | 15.11 (3.2-36.2) | 13.6 (3.2-34.8) | <.0001 |
| SC-MI (%) | 754 (22.0%) | 397 (20.1%) | 106 (19.4%) | 36 (23.2%) | 0.23 |
| Cardiac Injury Score | 5.40±6.92 | 4.90±6.60 | 4.92±6.23 | 5.44±6.96 | 0.04 |
†
p-value for calculated by ANOVA for continuous and chi2 for categorical variables.
*
METs reported as median and IQR.
MET, metabolic equivalent; HDL, high-density cholesterol; SC-MI, subclinical myocardial injury. Insulin resistance defined as fasting blood sugar ≥100 mg/dl, or self-reported history of diabetes or taking medications.