The influences of vitamin C treatment on larval crawling speed. (a) Average crawling speeds of larvae with specific knockdown of dUCH in dopaminergic neurons. Crawling ability of dUCH knockdown larvae was increased by treatment with low-dose of vitamin C (0.5 mM). However, there were negative effects on locomotive abilities when larvae treated with higher doses of vitamin C (one-way ANOVA with Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn's test, ∗
p < 0.05, ∗∗∗
p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗
p < 0.0001, n=26, error bars indicate the standard deviation of data). (b) Average crawling speeds of larvae with specific knockdown of dUCH in pan-neurons. Vitamin C treatment also improved crawling ability of larvae with knockdown of dUCH in pan-neurons, while crawling speeds of control larvae were not affected by this treatment (one-way ANOVA with Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn's test, ∗∗
p < 0.01, ∗∗∗
p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗
p < 0.0001, n=35, error bars indicate the standard deviation of data). TH-Control (+; +; TH-GAL4/+), TH-dUCH KD (+; +; TH-GAL4/UAS-dUCH.IR), E-Control (+; +; ELAV-GAL4/+), and E-dUCH KD (+; +; ELAV-GAL4/UAS-dUCH.IR).