Table 5.

Stratification by change in thoracic kyphosis (TK): comparison of baseline and postoperative spino-pelvic parameters and their respective pre-to post-op change

	Stratification by change in TK
	Baseline				Post-OP				Change (Δ)
	Decrease	Stable	Increase	p	Decrease	Stable	Increase	p	Decrease	Stable	Increase	p
SS	40.7 ± 12.7	39.6 ± 11.3	41.1 ± 9.5	0.835	45.9 ± 13.1	38.9 ± 12.1	41.1 ± 9.9	0.231	5.1 ± 5.2	−0.6 ± 6.5	0.1 ± 6.9	0.054
PT	12.4 ± 11.8	12.5 ± 7.2	11.8 ± 8.0	0.930	8.2 ± 12.8	13.3 ± 7.6	11.2 ± 9.0	0.272	−4.2 ± 5.6	0.8 ± 6.5	−0.6 ± 6.5	0.103
PI	53.2 ± 18.2	52.1 ± 14.5	52.9 ± 12.2	0.964	54.1 ± 17.5	52.2 ± 13.9	52.4 ± 12.2	0.929	0.9 ± 1.8	0.1 ± 1.4	−0.5 ± 2.2	0.072
PI-LL	−9.4 ± 14.3	−7.6 ± 11.1	−1.6 ± 13.2	0.071	−2.6 ± 17.7	−4.0 ± 12.5	−5.0 ± 12.7	0.867	6.8 ± 9.5	3.6 ± 11.2	−3.4 ± 9.0	0.002
LL	62.6 ± 14.6	59.7 ± 12.5	54.5 ± 12.4	0.098	56.7 ± 16.2	56.2 ± 13.2	57.3 ± 13.5	0.945	−5.9 ± 8.8	−3.5 ± 11.2	2.8 ± 9.1	0.008
TK	−48.5 ± 11.8	−43.6 ± 14.0	−28.5 ± 16.4	0.000	−30.7 ± 8.8	−41.5 ± 13.2	−41.0 ± 16.5	0.104	17.9 ± 7.0	2.0 ± 4.4	−12.5 ± 5.3	0.000
SVA	21.4 ± 44.6	−1.4 ± 47.5	−1.8 ± 45.8	0.342	34.0 ± 60.5	−7.2 ± 37.5	−4.0 ± 44.4	0.034	12.6 ± 73.3	−5.8 ± 51.8	−2.2 ± 40.1	0.594
T1SPI	−2.7 ± 5.7	−4.6 ± 4.5	−4.2 ± 3.7	0.463	−0.6 ± 4.5	−5.3 ± 3.4	−4.5 ± 3.9	0.004	2.1 ± 6.1	−0.6 ± 5.0	−0.3 ± 3.8	0.253
TPA	9.7 ± 7.9	8.0 ± 6.0	7.6 ± 8.4	0.737	7.6 ± 12.6	8.1 ± 7.2	6.8 ± 9.0	0.818	−2.1 ± 6.9	0.2 ± 6.1	−0.9 ± 6.1	0.572
T1Slope	25.2 ± 12.5	23.6 ± 11.9	17.0 ± 11.2	0.029	19.9 ± 8.7	24.6 ± 11.7	23.3 ± 11.6	0.529	−5.3 ± 8.5	0.9 ± 7.0	6.3 ± 6.2	0.000
C2-C7	7.8 ± 20.2	−1.7 ± 16.2	−4.3 ± 16.2	0.137	6.2 ± 8.7	2.2 ± 14.6	2.6 ± 16.1	0.799	0.6 ± 14.5	4.1 ± 12.7	7.7 ± 13.8	0.323
C2-C7 SVA	33.7 ± 11.3	35.1 ± 19.1	29.0 ± 15.7	0.327	31.2 ± 23.0	35.5 ± 17.1	33.2 ± 15.5	0.733	−1.3 ± 15.8	1.3 ± 15.8	4.0 ± 12.1	0.551
C2-T3	7.7 ± 22.1	−4.5 ± 21.1	−9.5 ± 17.4	0.053	−0.6 ± 10.4	−6.7 ± 19.2	−3.8 ± 14.8	0.595	−8.1 ± 22.5	−1.0 ± 15.4	6.5 ± 11.7	0.019
C2-T3 SVA	54.5 ± 18.8	59.4 ± 26.2	46.9 ± 22.1	0.105	52.8 ± 28.7	63.6 ± 28.7	57.3 ± 22.5	0.470	−0.5 ± 20.4	4.7 ± 16.9	10.1 ± 14.6	0.176
C2-T1 – H	17.8 ± 23.6	8.2 ± 18.2	3.4 ± 18.6	0.113	12.2 ± 8.1	12.7 ± 17.6	12.2 ± 19.4	0.992	−3.8 ± 23.3	3.7 ± 13.6	10.1 ± 12.6	0.043
C2Slope	16.3 ± 11.6	24.7 ± 12.8	21.2 ± 10.6	0.138	14.5 ± 11.0	22.4 ± 11.9	20.6 ± 10.7	0.217	−3.8 ± 9.5	−2.4 ± 10.9	−1.1 ± 12.0	0.798
C0Slope	−1.1 ± 4.4	0.3 ± 6.9	−1.3 ± 7.5	0.762	−0.6 ± 7.4	−2.8 ± 6.9	− 2.4 ± 10.1	0.898	− 2.1 ± 7.2	−3.0 ± 7.3	−6.7 ± 10.2	0.534
C0-C2	18.3 ± 12.3	23.2 ± 8.1	22.8 ± 9.1	0.562	13.0 ± 14.5	23.1 ± 8.8	21.9 ± 7.9	0.099	−5.1 ± 3.3	−1.9 ± 7.6	− 1.9 ± 9.8	0.824
MGSlope	5.3 ± 4.5	5.2 ± 6.6	3.2 ± 6.9	0.673	4.7 ± 7.1	2.8 ± 6.4	3.2 ± 9.9	0.921	−4.3 ± 7.0	−3.1 ± 7.6	−7.2 ± 10.5	0.601

SS sacral slope, PT pelvic tilt, PI Pelvic incidence, LL (L1 – S1) lumbar lordosis measured from L1 to S1, PI-LL pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis mismatch, TK (TK 2 – TK 12) thoracic kyphosis measured from TK 2 to TK 12, SVA sagittal vertical axis, T1SPi T1 spinopelvic inclination, TPA T1 pelvic angle; cranial: MGS McGregor Slope (line). C0S C0 Slope, C2S C2 Slope, C2-C0 angle; C2-C7 angle, C2-C7 SVA (SVA sagittal vertical axis), C2-T3 angle, C2-T3 SVA (SVA sagittal vertical axis), T1 Slope, MGS McGregor Slope (line); Δ parameter change pre- to post-operatively; data expressed as mean ± standard deviation; p statistical significance, p < 0.05