Table 2.
Rates of clinical progression across NIA-AA preclinical AD stages
| Reference | Cohort | Group | N | Clinical progression | Mean follow-up (years) | Stage 0, % (n progr/n tot) | Stage 1, % (n progr/n tot) |
Stage 2, % (n progr/n tot) |
Stage 3, % (n progr/n tot) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eckerström et al., 2017 [72] | Gothenburg MCI Study | CN | 113 | Cognitive decline–dementiaa | 4 | 28% (13/46) | 50% (5/10) | 81% (17/21) | 100% (6/6) |
| Edmonds et al., 2015 [11] | ADNI | CN | 570 | MCI–dementiab | 2.7 | 18% (25/142) | 21% (10/48) | 37% (64/173) | 90% (45/50) |
| Knopman et al., 2012 [73] | MCSA | CN | 296 | MCI–dementiab | 1.3 | 5% (6/127) | 11% (5/44) | 21% (8/39) | 43% (3/7) |
| Soldan et al., 2016 [26] | BIOCARD | CN | 222 | MCI–dementiab | 10.4 | 18% (18/102) | 19.520% (9/46) | 54% (15/28) | Not specifically addressed |
| Van Harten et al., 2013 [95] | Amsterdam Dementia Cohort | SMC | 132 | MCI–dementiab | 1.5 | 3% (2/80) | 18% (2/11) | 60% (6/10) | Not specifically addressed |
| Vos et al., 2013 [62] | WU-ADRC | CN | 311 | MCIc | 3.4 | 2% (2/129) | 13% (6/47) | 25% (9/36) | 54% (7/13) |
AD Alzheimer’s disease, ADNI Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, BIOCARD Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline Among Normal Individuals, CN cognitively normal, MCI mild cognitive impairment, MCSA Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, NIA-AA National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer’s Association, SMC subjective memory complaints, n progr/n tot number progressed/total number, WU-ADRC Washington University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
aCognitive decline outcome defined as decline in neuropsychological test results or to clinical dementia (using Global Deterioration Scale and criteria for dementia), at follow-up
bProgression to diagnosis of MCI and dementia due to AD (NIA-AA criteria)
cProgression to Clinical Dementia Rating Scale of at least 0.5 (MCI), symptomatic AD (score of at least 0.5 for memory and at least one other domain and cognitive impairments deemed to be due to AD)