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. 2019 Jan 15;20:51. doi: 10.1186/s13063-018-3163-9

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — The Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) flow chart: the schedule of enrollment, interventions, and assessments. T₁: before intubation, T₂: DLT placement within LMB, T₃: second attempt of DLT placement, if needed, T₄: last attempt of DLT placement using other devices according to the discretion of the anesthesiologist, when even the second attempt fails, T₅: confirmation of DLT position via tracheal lumen, T₆: confirmation of DLT position via bronchial lumen, T₇: confirmation via tracheal lumen, if applicable, T₈: confirmation via bronchial lumen, if applicable, T₉: after the completion of the confirmation procedure. FOB fiberoptic bronchoscopy, DLT double-lumen endotracheal tube, LMB left mainstem bronchus