Table 3.

Comparison of recommendations on the use of urinary cytology

AUA 5	Cytology not recommended for asymptomatic NVH. In patients with persistent NVH after a negative evaluation or those with CIS risk factors (irritative voiding, current/past tobacco use, chemical exposure) cytology may be useful. No comment for VH
CUA 15	All haematuria patients should undergo cytology. Those with negative investigations should undergo urinary cytology in conjunction with urine analysis and blood pressure checks at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. No comment for VH
BAUS 16	Cytology not part of VH or NVH investigations
NICE 4	Role of cytology not commented on for initial investigations. Cytology/urinary biomarkers or photodynamic diagnosis/narrow band imaging in patients with suspected bladder cancer
NCCN 17	Role of cytology not commented on for initial investigations. Consider cytology for suspected bladder cancer
JUA 18	Cytology recommended for VH. NVH without risk factors should be subject to renal tract ultrasonography or cytology
DAU 19	Cytology recommended in VH patients of any age or NVH at age >50 years after a negative evaluation

AUA, American Urology Association; BAUS, British Association of Urological Surgeons; CIS, carcinoma in situ; CUA, Canadian Urology Association; DAU, Dutch Association of Urology; JUA, Japan Urology Association; NICE, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network; NVH, non‐visible haematuria; VH, visible haematuria.