Table 5.
Baseline levels and changes in primary and secondary impact outcomes following BeUpstanding. Mean and SD corrected for clustering (linearized variance estimation) at baseline in baseline survey respondents and mean change (95% CI) and P values reported for difference from mixed models in, within those reporting outcome data and follow-up survey respondents (n=80-85 depending on the outcome).
| Impact outcomes | Baseline (n=218) | Evaluable cases (n=85) | ||||
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na | Mean (SD) | nb | Change (95% CI) | P value |
| Work activity, % of work time | ||||||
|
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Sitting | 218 | 78.6 (15.7) | 85 | −6.27 (−10.08 to −2.46)c | .001d |
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Standing | 218 | 11.6 (12.5) | 85 | 2.33 (−0.55 to 5.21) | .11 |
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Movinge | 218 | 9.8 (7.6) | 85 | 3.94 (1.97 to 5.91)c | <.001d |
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Walking | 218 | 9.0 (6.6) | 85 | 3.46 (1.54 to 5.38)c | <.001d |
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Heavy labor | 218 | 0.8 (3.0) | 85 | 0.48 (−0.13 to 1.10) | .12 |
| Work sitting accumulation | ||||||
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Longest continuous sitting bout, min | 218 | 138.1 (62.2) | 85 | −12.65 (−24.92 to −0.38)c | .04d |
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Prolonged sitting, % of sitting | 218 | 71.1 (20.2) | 85 | −8.74 (−14.14 to −3.34)c | .002d |
| Before and after work activity, % of nonwork time (on work days) | ||||||
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Sitting | 218 | 47.2 (21.7) | 85 | −5.42 (−9.78 to −1.07)c | .02d |
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Standing | 218 | 18.1 (12.0) | 85 | 0.46 (−2.33 to 3.25) | .75 |
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Movinge | 218 | 34.7 (18.4) | 85 | 4.96 (1.08 to 8.85)c | .01d |
| Nonworkday activity, % of nonwork time (on nonwork days) | ||||||
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Sitting | 218 | 39.9 (20.5) | 85 | −4.68 (−8.80 to −0.57)c | .03d |
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Standing | 218 | 17.7 (11.6) | 85 | 1.14 (−1.26 to 3.55) | .35 |
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Movinge | 218 | 42.5 (18.9) | 85 | 3.54 (−0.17 to 7.25)c | .06 |
| Desired activity, % of work time | ||||||
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Sitting | 216 | 41.2 (19.0) | 82 | −0.06 (−3.20 to 3.08) | .97 |
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Standing | 216 | 28.2 (15.2) | 82 | 2.17 (−1.60 to 5.94) | .26 |
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Movinge | 216 | 30.6 (17.0) | 82 | −2.11 (−5.80 to 1.58) | .26 |
| Desired versus performed, absolute difference in % of time | ||||||
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Sitting | 216 | 37.7 (19.8) | 82 | −6.04 (−9.92 to −2.15)c | .002d |
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Standing | 216 | 18.2 (14.4) | 82 | 0.70 (−3.15 to 4.54) | .72 |
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Movinge | 216 | 21.7 (16.8) | 82 | −5.66 (−9.32 to −2.00)c | .002d |
| Other outcomes | ||||||
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Strategy usage (% strategies used ≥ “sometimes”) | 215 | 41.3 (13.7) | 82 | 7.32 (3.74 to 10.89)c | <.001d |
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Knowledge score, 1 point=5 min incorrect | 216 | 5.53 (8.19) | 81 | −0.33 (−2.63 to 1.96) | .78 |
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Control over sitting and standing (1-5) | 216 | 2.94 (1.38) | 82 | 0.06 (−0.21 to 0.33) | .66 |
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Support (1-5) | 216 | 3.40 (1.20) | 82 | 0.16 (−0.09 to 0.40) | .21 |
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Job performance (1-10) | 212 | 7.74 (1.17) | 80 | −0.08 (−0.31 to 0.14) | .45 |
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Job satisfaction (1-10) | 212 | 7.10 (2.17) | 80 | −0.05 (−0.45 to 0.35) | .81 |
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Self-rated health (1-5) | 212 | 2.97 (1.02) | 80 | 0.06 (−0.17 to 0.30) | .60 |
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Energy (1-4) | 212 | 2.40 (0.68) | 80 | 0.13 (−0.03 to 0.28) | .11 |
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Stress (1-4) | 212 | 3.03 (0.78) | 80 | 0.01 (−0.16 to 0.18) | .89 |
aNumber of participants that completed the item on the baseline survey.
bNumber of participants that completed the item on both surveys.
cOutcomes had a notable change (≥ the minimum difference of interest).
dMoving = walking + heavy labor.
eOutcomes are statistically significant at P<.05.