Table 1.

Comparison of patients diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; left column) and mice exposed to the chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC; right column) paradigm

PTSD	CSC
Re-experiencing of aversive details of the traumatic event(s) [12]	Re-exposure to social defeat [213]
Avoiding of trauma-related external reminders [12]	Social deficits towards unfamiliar male conspecifics (SPAT) [213]
Negative cognitions and mood [12]	Persisting anxiety (EPM, LDB, OF, OA, EPF, SPAT) [213]
Hyperarousal [12]	Increased locomotion and elevated NE [213]
Gastrointestinal pathology [43]	Development of spontaneous colitis, aggravated DSS colitis [213]
Basal hypocortisolism [85]	Basal hypocorticism [213]
Flattened cortisol rhythm [434]	Flattened corticosterone rhythm [213]
Increased DEX suppression of ACTH [433]	Increased DEX suppression of FS-induced ACTH [213]
Increased HPA axis response towards novel stressors [87]	Increased HPA axis response towards EPF [213]
Reduction in % plasma Treg cells [373, 421, 442]	Reduction in % Treg cells in peripheral lymph nodes [213]
Comorbid osteoporosis and increased fracture risk [138, 139]	Compromised bone metabolism [125] and regeneration [150]
Chronic low-grade inflammation [142, 233]	Systemic immune activation [73, 124, 214]
Comorbid alcohol abuse or dependence [119, 321]	Increased ethanol consumption [320]

ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone, DEX dexamethasone, DSS dextran sulfate sodium, EPF elevated platform, EPM elevated plus-maze, FS forced swim, HPA hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal, LDB light–dark box, NE norepinephrine, OA open-arm exposure, OF open-field, SPAT social preference/avoidance test