Table 1. Social demographic and personal health characteristics in relation to SRHL score.
| Characteristics of adolescent (variables(a)) | Total students n = 461 | SRHL score | Association with SRHL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Freq (%) | Mean/Med. | p-value | ||
| Socio-demographic | ||||
| School location | Urban | 284 (61.6) | 21.0/22.9 | <0.001(M) |
| Rural | 177 (38.4) | 16.2/15.8 | ||
| Gender | Boy | 217 (47.1) | 20.0/20.5 | 0.167(M) |
| Girl | 244 (52.9) | 18.5/19.8 | ||
| Spoken language in family | Lao | 443 (96.1) | 19.1/20.3 | 0.602(M) |
| Ethnic | 18 (3.9) | 20.0/23.6 | ||
| Having part-time job | Yes | 42 (9.1) | 21.2/22.2 | 0.154(M) |
| No | 419 (90.9) | 18.9/20.0 | ||
| Marital status | Single | 436 (94.5) | 19.1/20.1 | 0.735(M) |
| In-union | 25 (5.5) | 19.5/24.7 | ||
| Living with parents | Yes | 420 (91.1) | 19.0/20.0 | 0.306(M) |
| No | 41 (8.9) | 20.4/23.6 | ||
| Family member works related to health | Yes | 69 (15.0) | 21.4/23.6 | 0.053(M) |
| No | 392 (85.0) | 18.8/19.7 | ||
| Having internet access | Yes | 394 (85.9) | 19.8/20.8 | 0.001(M) |
| No | 65 (14.1) | 15.0/13.9 | ||
| Affordability to access general health care | Very difficult | 29 (6.3) | 16.0/15.8 | 0.130(K) |
| Fairly difficult | 89 (19.3) | 18.4/19.4 | ||
| Fairly easy | 289 (62.7) | 19.5/21.4 | ||
| Very easy | 54 (11.7) | 20.6/20.3 | ||
| Age(b): mean = 16.9 (±1.0) | min:15—max:19 | - | - | 0.049(S) |
| Personal health | ||||
| Self-estimate health status | Very bad | 10 (2.2) | 21.9/21.4 | 0.412(K) |
| Bad | 3 (0.7) | 18.3/21.1 | ||
| Fair | 88 (19.1) | 18.5/20.1 | ||
| Good | 283 (61.4) | 19.8/20.8 | ||
| Very good | 77 (16.6) | 17.5/16.9 | ||
| Having Disability | Yes | 12 (2.6) | 18.7/20.3 | 0.792(M) |
| No | 449 (97.4) | 19.2/20.3 | ||
| Having chronic disease | Yes | 30 (6.5) | 18.5/21.2 | 0.772(M) |
| No | 431 (93.5) | 19.2/20.3 | ||
| Feeling when compare health to people of same age | Worse than majority | 22 (4.8) | 19.3/19.4 | 0.119(K) |
| Worse than a few | 82 (17.8) | 20.4/22.1 | ||
| Average | 198 (43.0) | 18.0/18.9 | ||
| Better than a few | 128 (27.7) | 19.4/21.1 | ||
| Better than majority | 31 (6.7) | 22.7/26.7 | ||
| Had health problem in last 6 months | Yes | 215 (46.6) | 19.9/20.8 | 0.165(M) |
| No | 246 (53.4) | 18.5/19.9 | ||
| Smoking status | Never Smoker | 413 (89.6) | 19.2/20.3 | 0.916(K) |
| Ever smoker | 27 (5.9) | 18.9/19.7 | ||
| Current Smoker | 21 (4.5) | 18.5/17.5 | ||
| Alcohol drinking in the past 12 months | Never drink | 111 (24.1) | 17.4/18.1 | 0.357(K) |
| < once a month | 234 (50.7) | 19.9/21.4 | ||
| Once a month | 77 (16.7) | 19.0/18.9 | ||
| Once a week | 36 (7.8) | 19.7/20.8 | ||
| > once a week | 3 (0.7) | 20.9/19.2 | ||
| Physical exercise > 30 minutes in last month | Not at all | 53 (11.5) | 16.9/16.1 | 0.155(K) |
| 1–2 times/month | 81 (17.6) | 19.1/18.6 | ||
| 1–2 times/week | 158 (34.3) | 18.7/20.0 | ||
| Almost every day | 169 (36.7) | 20.4/22.2 | ||
(a) Any variables not shown in Table 3 were not statistically associated with level of SRHL of adolescent in the univariate analysis (p>0.05)
(b) Mean age of school adolescent in urban area was 16.8 (±1.1); min: 15 –max:19 and in rural area was 17.2 (±0.9); min: 15 –max:19. Based on spearman’s correlation, age was found to be negatively correlated with SRHL score (correlation coefficient = -0.092; p:0.049).
(M) Mann-Whitney U Test
(K) Kruskal-Wallis Test
(S) Spearman’s correlation.