Table 3. Outcomes.
| Variable | All users, n = 146 | Subgroup analysis | p -Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infrequent use, n = 53 | Frequent use, n = 93 | |||
| Patient activation | ||||
| PAM score, post | 74.3 ± 16.0 | 74.8 ± 16.5 | 74.0 ± 15.8 | 0.789 |
| PAM score, pre–post difference | 4.4 ± 14.4 | 3.2 ± 15.9 | 5.1 ± 13.6 | 0.977 |
| PAM score, pre–post difference > 3 a | 70 (48.3%) | 26 (50.0%) | 44 (47.3%) | 0.756 |
| Medical errors | ||||
| I noticed medical errors while hospitalized | 21 (15.9%) | 2 (4.4%) | 19 (21.8%) | 0.010 b |
| I noticed inaccurate information in my record | 20 (16.5%) | 3 (8.6%) | 17 (19.8%) | 0.133 |
| If yes, I reported the inaccuracy | 7 (41.2%) | 1 (50.0%) | 6 (40.0%) | 1.000 |
| If yes, the inaccuracy was amended | 3 (60.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (75.0%) | 0.400 |
| Patient satisfaction and engagement with care | ||||
| Patient satisfaction and engagement with care | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 0.5 | – |
| Perceived usefulness and ease-of-use of iPad | ||||
| I used the iPad to … | ||||
| access my email | 20 (14.8%) | 5 (11.1%) | 15 (16.7%) | 0.392 |
| entertain myself | 92 (68.1%) | 30 (66.7%) | 62 (68.9%) | 0.794 |
| look up health information online | 121 (89.6%) | 34 (75.6%) | 87 (96.7%) | <0.001 b |
| The iPad is easy to use | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 4.1 ± 0.8 | 4.5 ± 0.6 | – |
| Perceived usefulness and ease-of-use of portal | ||||
| The portal is easy to use | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 4.5 ± 0.6 | – |
| The portal made it easier to contact my care team | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 3.4 ± 1.2 | 3.2 ± 1.2 | 0.411 |
| I entered questions or comments into my portal | 32 (26.4%) | 7 (20.0%) | 25 (29.1%) | 0.305 |
Abbreviations: n , number; PAM, Patient Activation Measure.
Note: Categorical variables reported as n (%), and p -values calculated using chi-squared tests or Fisher's exact tests with Monte Carlo approximation. Continuous variables reported as mean ± SD, and p -values calculated using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Scores based on questionnaires with Likert-type rating scales (satisfaction, ease-of-use) reported as numbers between 1 and 5. Percentages exclude missing data.
a
Studies suggest a pre–post difference greater than 3 in the PAM score is clinically significant.
b
Significant at p = 0.05.