. 2018 Dec 31;38(6):1189–1195. doi: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.e50

Table 2. Listeria monocytogenes cell counts (Log CFU/cm²; mean±SD), recovered from raw beef surface with antimicrobial hydrogel 1 formulated with no antimicrobial, 0.1% grapefruit seed extract (GSE) or 0.1% citrus extract (CE).

Attachment time (min)	Control	Hydrogel 1 (5% alginate+1% chitosan+0.2% CaCl₂+40% glycerol)
Attachment time (min)	Control	No antimicrobial	0.1% GSE	0.1% CE
0	4.4±0.2^aA	4.4±0.2 ^aA	4.4±0.2 ^aA	4.4±0.2 ^aA
60	4.4±0.1 ^aA	4.2±0.1 ^aA	3.3±0.4 ^bB	3.3±0.1 ^bB

^a,b Different letters in a same row indicate significant differences between means at p<0.05.

^A,B Different letters in a same column indicate significant differences between means at p<0.05.

Table 2. Listeria monocytogenes cell counts (Log CFU/cm2; mean±SD), recovered from raw beef surface with antimicrobial hydrogel 1 formulated with no antimicrobial, 0.1% grapefruit seed extract (GSE) or 0.1% citrus extract (CE).