Table 1.
Demographic Information and Clinical Characteristics According to Study Group
| Characteristics | Full Sample | 2-11 mo of Age | 12-59 mo of Age |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Sample size | 832 (100) | 39 (322) | 61 (510) |
| Age, mo | 21.3 ± 16.2 | 6.5 ± 2.8 | 30.6 ± 14.1 |
| No. of boys | 59 (488) | 60 (193) | 58 (295) |
| Social demographics | |||
| No. of people in household | 5.0 ± 0.07 | 5.3 ± 0.11 | 4.9 ± 0.09 |
| No. of people in household | |||
| < 3 | 3 (22) | 2 (5) | 3 (17) |
| 3-6 | 78 (648) | 76 (243) | 80 (405) |
| 7-10 | 17 (138) | 20 (64) | 15 (74) |
| > 10 | 3 (22) | 3 (9) | 3 (13) |
| Employment status of parents | |||
| Both parents employed | 23 (193) | 13 (43) | 30 (150) |
| Only father employed | 72 (596) | 82 (260) | 66 (336) |
| Only mother employed | 2 (17) | 2 (7) | 2 (10) |
| Neither parent employed | 2 (20) | 3 (9) | 2 (11) |
| Father education level, y | |||
| < 6 | 2 (17) | 2 (7) | 2 (10) |
| 6-10 | 15 (120) | 18 (56) | 13 (64) |
| 11-12 | 59 (483) | 62 (195) | 57 (288) |
| > 12 | 22 (182) | 16 (51) | 26 (131) |
| Mother education level, y | |||
| < 6 | 3 (25) | 4 (14) | 2 (11) |
| 6-10 | 25 (211) | 28 (91) | 24 (120) |
| 11-12 | 50 (413) | 53 (171) | 48 (242) |
| > 12 | 22 (179) | 14 (45) | 26 (134) |
| Water supply | |||
| Home water supply | 91 (755) | 88 (283) | 93 (472) |
| External water supply | 9 (77) | 12 (39) | 7 (38) |
| Toilet waste elimination | |||
| Connection to city drainage | 90 (746) | 86 (277) | 92 (469) |
| Home septic tank | < 1 (1) | 0 (0) | < 1 (1) |
| Latrine | 10 (85) | 14 (45) | 8 (40) |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Weight-for-height z score | 0.26 ± 1.70 | 0.48 ± 1.68 | 0.12 ± 1.69 |
| % < −2 SD | 8 (69) | 7 (21) | 9 (48) |
| Height-for-age z score | −0.42 ± 1.95 | −0.48 ± 1.96 | −0.39 ± 1.95 |
| % < −2 SD | 17 (140) | 19 (61) | 15 (79) |
| Symptoms | |||
| Cough | 99 (825) | 99 (321) | 99 (504) |
| Difficulty breathing | 84 (696) | 88 (282) | 81 (414) |
| Fever | 64 (529) | 64 (205) | 64 (324) |
| Chest indrawing | 36 (300) | 47 (150) | 29 (150) |
| Temperature (°C) | 36.8 ± 0.65 | 36.8 ± 0.60 | 36.8 ± 0.68 |
| No. with ≥ 38.0°C | 9 (74) | 8 (26) | 9 (48) |
| Heart rate | 130 ± 18 | 135 ± 17 | 126 ± 18 |
| Tachycardia | 15 (126) | 0 (0) | 25 (126) |
| Respiratory rate | 39 ± 12 | 44 ± 12 | 36 ± 11 |
| Tachypnea | 36 (301) | 31 (99) | 40 (202) |
| Oxygen saturation | 96 ± 3 | 97 ± 3 | 96 ± 3 |
| No. ≤ 95% | 31 (259) | 31 (99) | 31 (160) |
| No. ≤ 92% | 9 (73) | 8 (25) | 9 (48) |
| Auscultation findings | |||
| Wheeze | 45 (373) | 46 (148) | 44 (225) |
| Crackles | 53 (445) | 57 (183) | 51 (262) |
| Decreased breath sounds | 12 (98) | 8 (27) | 14 (71) |
Values are mean ± SD or %. (No).