Table 3.
Nanoencapsulation strategies for L-Asparaginase (ASNase).
| Nanocarrier | Material | Technique | Characterization | Encapsulation efficiency or activity recovery | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nanoparticles containing PEG-ASNase | Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles 50:50 with molecular mass of 10 kDa | Double emulsification | Size and morphology by Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) | 77.88% for free ASNase and 65.1% for pegylated enzyme | Suri Vasudev et al., 2011 |
| Nanoparticles | Chitosan-tripolyphosphate | Ionotropic gelation | Size and morphology by Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and DLS | 59.1–70.8% | Bahreini et al., 2014 |
| Nanoparticles | Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles 50:50 with molecular mass of 30 kDa | Double emulsification | Size and morphology by TEM | 5% | Manuela Gaspar et al., 1998 |
| Nanoparticles | Poli-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate | Double emulsification | Size and morphology by SEM | 23.7% for free ASNase and 27.9% for pegylated enzyme | Baran et al., 2002 |
| Nanoparticles | Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles 50:50 | Double emulsification | Size distribution were examined by laser diffraction | 26–70% | Wolf et al., 2003 |
| Microparticles | Silk sericin protein with different molecular mass from 50 to 200kDa | Crosslinking with glutaraldehyde | Size distribution were examined by laser diffraction | 62.5% of the original activity of the ASNase | Zhang et al., 2004 |
| Hollow nanospheres | Alginate-graft-poly (ethylene glycol) (Alg-g-PEG) and a-cyclodextrin (a-CD) | Self-assembly | Size and morphology by TEM and DLS | 37–80% | Ha et al., 2010 |
| Magnetic nanoparticles | SiO2, Fe3O4, poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) | Formation in alkaline medium followed by washing with water until neutral pH | Size and morphology by TEM and DLS | 107–318 amount of enzyme (μg.mg−1 nanoparticle) | Mu et al., 2014 |
| Liposomes | Egg phosphatidylcholine, egg phosphatidylinositol, cholesterol and other lipids | Film hydration with or without extrusion | Size by TEM DLS | 40% for extruded sample and 80% for non-extruded sample | Cruz and Gaspar, 1993 |
| Liposomes | Phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and other lipids with or without charge | Film hydration | Size and morphology by SEM and DLS, zeta potential | 1.95% neutral lipids and 2.39% for positive lipids and 2.35% for negative ones | Anindita and Venkatesh, 2012 |
| Liposomes | Soybean phospholipid and cholesterol | Reverse-phase evaporation method | Size and Morphology by TEM and DLS, zeta potential | 66.47% | Wan et al., 2016 |
| Polyion complex vesicles (PICsomes) | Polyethylene glycol and homoionomers | Electrostatic-interaction-mediated self-assembly in aqueous media | Size and morphology by DLS and Cryo-TEM | 91% of the PICsomes were loaded with at least one molecule of ASNase | Sueyoshi et al., 2017 |
| Red Blood Cells (RBC) | E. coli ASNase loaded into homologous RBC at a concentration of 50% and suspended in saline, adenine, glucose, mannitol | 3-h automated process: I) the preservative solution is removed from the packed RBC by a washing step II) ASNase is and RBC are put together in the washed suspension, III) Dialysis of this mixture is against a hypotonic solution and resealed, IV) Purification of the product through a final washing step V) the preservatives are added | Concentration and activity of ASNase, extracellular hemoglobin, osmotic fragility | — | Bailly et al., 2011 |
| Polymersomes | Poly (2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) | Polymerization-induced self-assembly | Size and morphology by DLS and Cryo-TEM | 9% | Blackman et al., 2018 |
| Polymersomes | Poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (lactic acid) | Film Hydration | Size and morphology by DLS and TEM | 5–20% | Apolinário et al., 2018 |