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. 2019 Jan 10;9:1925. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01925

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Copyright © 2019 Mishchenko, Mitroshina, Usenko, Voronova, Astrakhanova, Shirokova, Kastalskiy and Vedunova.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Representative electron microscopy images of dissociated hippocampal cells on DIV 14. (a–e) Sham, (f–j) BDNF, (k–o) ANA-12, (p–t) BDNF + ANA-12. (a) Axo-spiny synapse; the cristae of mitochondria in a dendrite are smooth. (b) Cytoplasm of a neuron; mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, granular endoplasmic reticulum, numerous ribosomes and part of the nucleus are well visualized. (c) Mitochondria in a glial cell; cristae are smooth, and intermitochondrial contacts are visible. (d) Axo-dendritic and axo-spiny asymmetric synapse. (e) Immature axo-spiny synapse; no postsynaptic density is observed. (f) Mitochondrion in the neuronal dendrite. (g) Mitochondria in a neuronal soma; some are without cristae and have an enlightened matrix and short cristae. (h) Glial outgrowth with few glycogen pellets and irregular cristae. (i) Axo-spiny synapse; osmiophilic synaptic bubbles in an axon. (j) Axo-dendritic and axo-spiny asymmetric synapses, osmiophilic mitochondrion in an axon; mitochondria in the axonal outgrowth are destroyed. (k) Axo-spiny asymmetric synapse, short postsynaptic density. (l) Part of a neuronal soma, destroyed Golgi apparatus, few ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum, and normal mitochondrial structure. (m) Mitochondria with disrupted cristae in a glial cell. (n) Axo-spiny asymmetric synapse, osmiophilic bubbles among synaptic vesicles, mitochondrion with an irregular shape and high osmiophility. (o) Part of a neuronal soma, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria with impaired structures. (p) Mitochondrial cluster in a dendrite. (q) Golgi apparatus with an increased area, a vacuole and destroyed mitochondria in the cytoplasm. (r) Axo-dendritic synapse and vacuolated mitochondria in a glial outgrowth. (s) Glial cell with a smooth endoplasmic reticulum, synaptic vesicles of different sizes in the axon, and mitochondrion with a reduced area. (t) Mitochondrial clusters in the neuronal cytoplasm; many of these clusters have extended cristae; mitochondria without cristae were also visualized. Scale bar – 0.5 μm.