Table 2.
Genes related to polyamines on regulating plant growth.
| Plant species | Gene | Effect | Outcome | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrus sinensis | CsPAO3 | Overexpression of CsPAO3 in tobacco, Spd and Spm↓, Put↑ | CsPAO3 plays a potential role in PAs back conversion | Wang and Liu, 2015 |
| Gossypium hirsutum L | GhPAO3 | In transgenic Arabidopsis(GhPAO3), Spm↓, Put↑ | GhPAO3 plays a potential role in the conversion of Spd and Spm | Cheng et al., 2017 |
| Transgenic rice | OsSAMDC2 | Transcript levels of OsSAMDC1, OsSAMDC2, and OsSAMDC4 were all reduced in transgenic rice, Spd, Spm, and PAs oxidase activity↓ | Spd and Spm are essential for maintenance of normal plant growth, pollen viability, seed setting rate, grain yield and stress tolerance in rice | Chen et al., 2014 |
| Transgenic tomato | Mouse ODC | Put, Spd and Spm↑, ethylene, respiration rate and physiological loss of water↓ | Enhances fruit quality in tomato | Pandey et al., 2015 |
| Gentiana triflora | GtSPDS or GtSPMS | The expression levels of GtSPDS and GtSPMS increased transiently during vegetative to reproductive growth phase | Hasten flowering | Imamura et al., 2015 |
| Pyrus betulaefolia | PbrMYB21 | Modulate the PAs synthesis by regulating the ADC expression | Plays a positive role in drought tolerance | Li et al., 2017 |
| Medicago falcata | MfERF1 | Up-regulates the genes associated with PAs synthesis and catabolism, promotes PAs turnover, antioxidant protection | Confers cold tolerance | Zhuo et al., 2018 |
↓: Indicates a decrease in substance content or enzyme activity; ↑: Indicates an increase in substance content or enzyme activity.